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Bipolar Seesaw of Atmospheric CO 2 Between North Pacific and Southern Ocean at Millennial Timescales

Zhong, Yi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4298-8737; Liu, Yanguang ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-2930; Yu, Jimin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-1777; Sun, Chijun ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-346X; Wen, Qin; Kender, Sev ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-3214; Horikawa, Keiji ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-0413; Zhang, Xu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1833-9689; Weber, Michael E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-8980; Li, Siqi; Yang, Hu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-2256; Kaboth‐Bahr, Stefanie; Bahr, André ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5890-8773; Song, Zhaoyang; Swann, George E. A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-9504; Cao, Wei; Yang, Sheng; Liu, Yuxing; Zhang, Jingyu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-3223; Li, Hai ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-8430; Xia, Wenyue ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-9861; Liu, Qingsong ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-4904. 2025 Bipolar Seesaw of Atmospheric CO 2 Between North Pacific and Southern Ocean at Millennial Timescales. Geophysical Research Letters, 52 (13), e2025GL115758. 12, pp. 10.1029/2025GL115758

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Abstract/Summary

The interhemispheric relation of deep-water ventilation and surface-ocean productivity may have played a prominent role in past atmospheric CO2 regulation. However, how these processes vary on orbital-millennial timescales remains poorly understood. Here, we present high-resolution proxy data and model simulations on the variability of biological productivity and deep water circulation for the abyssal northwestern Pacific Ocean spanning 20–60 kyr. We found that enhanced surface productivity increased during Heinrich Stadials (HS) and long term, caused by intensified westerly winds and associated dust fertilization, implying CO2 extraction from the atmosphere and increased nutrient supply to the euphotic zone. A similar increase in productivity for the Southern Ocean during Heinrich events implies enhanced upwelling and exhalation of CO2 to the atmosphere, indicative for an interhemispheric carbon cycle seesaw on millennial time scales. However, the longer-term global cooling demonstrates that deep ocean carbon storage and degassing was predominantly modulated by the North Pacific Ocean.

Item Type: Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1029/2025GL115758
ISSN: 0094-8276
Date made live: 08 Jul 2025 08:48 +0 (UTC)
URI: https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/539802

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