Spatial distribution, sources, and health risk assessment of elements in road dust (<20 μm) across Delhi

Jangirh, Ritu; Yadav, Pooja; Mondal, Arnab; Yadav, Lokesh; Datta, Arindam; Saxena, Priyanka; Nemitz, Eiko ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1765-6298; Gurjar, Bhola Ram; Mandal, Tuhin Kumar. 2024 Spatial distribution, sources, and health risk assessment of elements in road dust (<20 μm) across Delhi. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 102320. 10.1016/j.apr.2024.102320

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102320

Abstract/Summary

This research delves into the spatial distribution of 17 elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Te, and Zn) within the < 20 μm size fraction of road dust samples collected from 177 locations within 65 grid cells (each 5×5 km2) throughout Delhi in February 2021. Notably, Fe and Al emerge as the predominant elements in the road dust samples. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Absolute Principal Component Score (APCS), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) techniques, it is observed that crustal sources (58%), non-exhaust vehicular emissions (21%), and two distinct industrial origins (2% and 19%) are major contributors to the road dust composition. Bi and Te exhibited the highest geo-accumulation indices, indicating significant pollution levels, with notably high contamination factors, surpassing a contamination degree of 24. Elements like Cd posed the highest potential ecological risk, dominating 95% of the risk assessment. The hazard index analysis highlighted that urban populations, especially children, face the greatest risk through ingestion, followed by dermal exposure, and least through inhalation. Notably, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni were identified as elements posing a very high carcinogenic risk to the general populace.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.apr.2024.102320
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)
ISSN:	1309-1042
Additional Keywords:	road dust, crustal source, elements, PCA-APCS-MLR, pollution assessment, health risk assessment
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Health Atmospheric Sciences
Date made live:	04 Oct 2024 14:54 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/538168

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.apr.2024.102320

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)

ISSN:

1309-1042

Additional Keywords:

road dust, crustal source, elements, PCA-APCS-MLR, pollution assessment, health risk assessment

NORA Subject Terms:

Ecology and Environment
Health
Atmospheric Sciences