Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England

Ward, H.C.; Kotthaus, S.; Grimmond, C.S.B.; Bjorkegren, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Morrison, W.T.J.; Evans, J.G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1416; Morison, J.I.L.; Iamarino, M.. 2015 Effects of urban density on carbon dioxide exchanges: observations of dense urban, suburban and woodland areas of southern England. Environmental Pollution, 198. 186-200. 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

Abstract/Summary

Anthropogenic and biogenic controls on the surface–atmosphere exchange of CO2 are explored for three different environments. Similarities are seen between suburban and woodland sites during summer, when photosynthesis and respiration determine the diurnal pattern of the CO2 flux. In winter, emissions from human activities dominate urban and suburban fluxes; building emissions increase during cold weather, while traffic is a major component of CO2 emissions all year round. Observed CO2 fluxes reflect diurnal traffic patterns (busy throughout the day (urban); rush-hour peaks (suburban)) and vary between working days and non-working days, except at the woodland site. Suburban vegetation offsets some anthropogenic emissions, but 24-h CO2 fluxes are usually positive even during summer. Observations are compared to estimated emissions from simple models and inventories. Annual CO2 exchanges are significantly different between sites, demonstrating the impacts of increasing urban density (and decreasing vegetation fraction) on the CO2 flux to the atmosphere.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Acreman Reynard
ISSN:	0269-7491
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link
Additional Keywords:	carbon emissions, emissions inventory, human impact, land use change, net ecosystem exchange
NORA Subject Terms:	Atmospheric Sciences
Date made live:	15 Jun 2015 14:55 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/511047

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.031

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Acreman
Reynard

ISSN:

0269-7491

Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:

Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link

Additional Keywords:

carbon emissions, emissions inventory, human impact, land use change, net ecosystem exchange