Do cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs discharged into rivers pose a risk to the environment and human health? An overview and UK case study

Johnson, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-3764; Juergens, Monika D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6526-589X; Williams, Richard J.; Kuemmerer, Klaus; Kortenkamp, Andreas; Sumpter, John P.. 2008 Do cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs discharged into rivers pose a risk to the environment and human health? An overview and UK case study. Journal of Hydrology, 348 (1-2). 167-175. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.054

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.054

Abstract/Summary

This opinion paper assesses for the UK, whether the current use of cytotoxic drugs, one of the most toxic pharmaceuticals in common use, could pose a risk to aquatic organisms and to humans through water recycling. A water quality model was set up for one of these drugs, 5-fluorouracil, in the Aire and Calder catchment in Northern UK. The study predicts 5-50 ng/L concentrations for long stretches of this catchment under low flow conditions. Due to their mode of action, practically all eukaryotic organisms are vulnerable to damage, with teratogenicity being the greatest concern at such levels. However, it is unclear to what extent the predicted low concentrations would affect flora and fauna in receiving waters but there may be an additive effect of a mixture of cytotoxic drugs which should be taken into account. The exposure of the pregnant mother, or more specifically her foetus, to these drugs via drinking water should be minimised. Current drinking water purification technology gives grounds for optimism on removal of these compounds, but no appropriate data exist yet.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.054
Programmes:	CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals > SE01.4 Monitoring and predicting the distribution of chemicals in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Water
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Acreman
ISSN:	0022-1694
Additional Keywords:	Cytotoxic, 5-Fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide, risk assessment, rivers, fish
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Chemistry
Date made live:	17 Dec 2007 15:41 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/1686

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.09.054

Programmes:

CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals > SE01.4 Monitoring and predicting the distribution of chemicals in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems
CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Water

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Acreman

ISSN:

0022-1694

Additional Keywords:

Cytotoxic, 5-Fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide, risk assessment, rivers, fish