Calculation of the energy budget for heterogeneous land surfaces

In this paper a scheme is presented for calculating the land surface energy budget based on the first law of thermodynamics. It takes into account the effects of water multiphase changes and hydrologic process. The enthalpy expression for a heterogeneous land surface is deduced, during which latent heats are assumed to be functions of temperature. Also, a solution is derived for calculating ground temperatures during the water phase transition and the hydrologic process. This study results in a more conservative estimate of the ground energy in comparison with many other land surface schemes.