The experience and limitations of using manganese alkaline primary cells in a large operational AUV

The authors describe how the use of manganese alkaline batteries for the Autosub science programme has enabled the project to progress swiftly from being a technological demonstrator to providing new ways of gathering environmental data not possible by other methods. Throughout the programme, all areas of the battery system have undergone development. that is: specification, design and manufacture of the pack; inspection and testing; packaging, storage and physical handling; electrical and thermal insulation; estimates of remaining endurance; and disposal of depleted packs.