Formation, transport and decay of an intense phytoplankton bloom within the High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll belt of the Southern Ocean

Whitehouse, M.J.; Korb, R.E.; Atkinson, A.; Thorpe, S.E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-6955; Gordon, M.. 2008 Formation, transport and decay of an intense phytoplankton bloom within the High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll belt of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, 70 (1-2). 150-167. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.05.003

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.05.003

Abstract/Summary

The blooms associated with South Georgia coincide with the largest predicted carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. A major injection of iron and silica is required to sustain them over a long growth season that exceeds 4 months. The mechanisms for this are still poorly known but a cruise in January 2005 provided an opportunity to sample waters both upstream and downstream of the North Scotia Ridge to examine the processes involved. SeaWiFS imagery gave a misleading impression of bloom progression due to pronounced but highly regionalised subsurface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) maxima. Our combined measurements of oceanography, macronutrients, chl-a and floral composition showed that a single bloom that had seeded over the western shelf of South Georgia two months before the cruise developed into two distinct entities. Water retention and turbulent mixing south of the island led to severe nutrient depletion, low chl-a concentrations in surface waters (and in SeaWiFS images) yet pronounced subsurface maxima. By contrast the bloom over the northern shelf persisted in a shallow mixed layer, was florally different and appeared to be advected downstream into oceanic waters to the north. We found evidence for upwelling of nutrients on the upstream shelf edge of the island where the flow diverges to pass around each side of its shelf. This would provide one mechanism for the injection of iron and silica to sustain these massive South Georgia blooms and seed waters downstream for an extended growing season.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.05.003
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > DISCOVERY 2010 - Integrating Southern Ocean Ecosystems into the Earth System
ISSN:	9240-7963
Additional Keywords:	Antarctica, South Georgia, Phytoplankton, Regional variation, Satellite imagery, Subsurface chlorophyll maxima, Nutrients, Physical oceanography
NORA Subject Terms:	Marine Sciences Biology and Microbiology
Date made live:	01 May 2009 11:10 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/6189

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.05.003

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > DISCOVERY 2010 - Integrating Southern Ocean Ecosystems into the Earth System

ISSN:

9240-7963

Additional Keywords:

Antarctica, South Georgia, Phytoplankton, Regional variation, Satellite imagery, Subsurface chlorophyll maxima, Nutrients, Physical oceanography

NORA Subject Terms:

Marine Sciences
Biology and Microbiology