A fan-shaped subglacial basin province in East Antarctica formed by rotational extension

Recent sub-ice topography investigations have imaged—with greatly improved detail—a set of low-elevation V-shaped basins hidden beneath a very large sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here we jointly interpret sub-ice topography and geophysical data and show that these basins form a semi-continental-sized, fan-shaped physiographic unit that radiates from a focal point near the South Pole. We name this the East Antarctic Fan-Shaped Basin Province. We propose that the fan-like landscape is the product of distributed intraplate rotational extension before the breakup of Gondwana, with three continental-scale consequences. Laterally, to the west, it caused compression and the consequent uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains. To the east, the northernmost Transantarctic Mountains segment was rotated clockwise by ~20°, overriding the West Antarctic Rift System’s hot lithosphere and causing segmentation of the mountain chain into three blocks and their differential uplift due to thermal buoyancy. To the north, the transcurrent edge of the fan formed the lithospheric weakness that controlled the breakup of Gondwana by driving the propagation of Antarctica–Australia separation and shaping the resulting semi-circular passive continental margins. These processes have influenced the present-day East Antarctica sub-ice landscape and the evolution of the overlying ice sheet, including the development of glacial troughs and outlet glaciers.