Ten new insights in climate science 2025

Ospina, Daniel; Mirazo, Paula; Allan, Richard P.; Basnett, Smriti; Bastos, Ana; Bhattarai, Nishan; Broadgate, Wendy; Broekhoff, Derik J.; Bustamante, Mercedes; Chen, Deliang; Choi, Yeonju; Cox, Peter; Domeignoz-Horta, Luiz A.; Ebi, Kristie L.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Fuss, Sabine; Goessling, Helge F.; Gruber, Nicolas; He, Qingyou; Hebden, Sophie; Hedrich, Nadja; Heilemann, Adrian; Hirota, Marina; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Hugelius, Gustaf; Izquierdo-Tort, Santiago; Juhola, Sirkku; Kasuga, Fumiko; Ke, Piyu; Kelley, Douglas I.; KILKIŞ, Şiir; Kotz, Maximilian; Kumarasinghe, Nilushi; Lamb, William F.; Lee, Shih-Yu; Liu, Junguo; Maesano, Cara N.; Martin, Maria A.; Mazzochini, Guilherme G.; Merchant, Christopher J.; Mori, Akira S.; Morris, Jennifer; Persson, Åsa; Pörtner, Hans-Otto; Probst, Benedict S.; Ramage, Justine; Razanatsoa, Estelle; Redman, Aaron; Rockström, Johan; Rodrigues, Regina R.; Ruehr, Sophie; Ryan, Sadie J.; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Roberto; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Schlosser, Peter; Scott, William A.; Semenza, Jan C.; Seybold, Hansjörg; Shindell, Drew T.; Sioen, Giles B.; Smith, Kathryn E.; Sokona, Youba; Stechemesser, Annika H.; Stocker, Thomas F.; Su, Sophie H.L.; Thiam, Djiby; Trencher, Gregory P.; Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Warszawski, Lila; Weiskopf, Sarah R.; Wu, Henry; Zhu, Shupeng

Ospina, Daniel; Mirazo, Paula; Allan, Richard P.; Basnett, Smriti; Bastos, Ana; Bhattarai, Nishan; Broadgate, Wendy; Broekhoff, Derik J.; Bustamante, Mercedes; Chen, Deliang; Choi, Yeonju; Cox, Peter; Domeignoz-Horta, Luiz A.; Ebi, Kristie L.; Friedlingstein, Pierre; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Fuss, Sabine; Goessling, Helge F.; Gruber, Nicolas; He, Qingyou; Hebden, Sophie; Hedrich, Nadja; Heilemann, Adrian; Hirota, Marina; Hodnebrog, Øivind; Hugelius, Gustaf; Izquierdo-Tort, Santiago; Juhola, Sirkku; Kasuga, Fumiko; Ke, Piyu; Kelley, Douglas I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-4969; KILKIŞ, Şiir; Kotz, Maximilian; Kumarasinghe, Nilushi; Lamb, William F.; Lee, Shih-Yu; Liu, Junguo; Maesano, Cara N.; Martin, Maria A.; Mazzochini, Guilherme G.; Merchant, Christopher J.; Mori, Akira S.; Morris, Jennifer; Persson, Åsa; Pörtner, Hans-Otto; Probst, Benedict S.; Ramage, Justine; Razanatsoa, Estelle; Redman, Aaron; Rockström, Johan; Rodrigues, Regina R.; Ruehr, Sophie; Ryan, Sadie J.; Sanchez-Rodriguez, Roberto; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Schlosser, Peter; Scott, William A.; Semenza, Jan C.; Seybold, Hansjörg; Shindell, Drew T.; Sioen, Giles B.; Smith, Kathryn E.; Sokona, Youba; Stechemesser, Annika H.; Stocker, Thomas F.; Su, Sophie H.L.; Thiam, Djiby; Trencher, Gregory P.; Virkkala, Anna-Maria; Warszawski, Lila; Weiskopf, Sarah R.; Wu, Henry; Zhu, Shupeng. 2026 Ten new insights in climate science 2025. Global Sustainability. 10.1017/sus.2025.10043

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Abstract

This review highlights ten recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, spanning diverse topics: (1) the global temperature jump of 2023-2024; (2) sea surface warming and marine heatwaves; (3) land carbon sinks; (4) interactions between climate change and biodiversity loss; (5) accelerated groundwater decline; (6) global dengue incidence; (7) income and labour productivity loss; (8) strategic considerations for the scaling carbon dioxide removal (CDR); (9) integrity of carbon credit markets; and (10) policy mixes for climate change mitigation.

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