Scratching beyond the surface: examining macroecological patterns in avian eggshell texture

Attard, Marie R.G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-3677; Bowen, James; Portugal, Steven J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-2352. 2025 Scratching beyond the surface: examining macroecological patterns in avian eggshell texture. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 22 (232), 20240527. 13, pp. 10.1098/rsif.2024.0527

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Abstract/Summary

The surface texture of bird eggshells differs remarkably between species and is thought to play a substantial role in providing physical and microbial protection for the developing embryo. We used high-resolution optical profilometry to establish the key evolutionary drivers of surface textural diversity in eggshells from 453 bird species across 98 families. Within a phylogenetically informed framework, we aimed to determine which life-history traits and nesting environments probably determine eggshell surface texture. We measured surface roughness ( S a , nm), surface skewness ( S sk ) and surface kurtosis ( S ku ), which describe different aspects of the properties of eggshell surface texture. S a represents the average height variations on the surface, providing a measure of smoothness or roughness. In contrast, S sk reveals the distribution of surface features, where positive values signify a predominance of peaks, while negative values indicate a greater presence of valleys. Lastly, S ku assesses the geometry of these features, with values exceeding 3 suggesting the presence of sharp peaks or deep troughs, and values below 3 indicating a flatter, more uniform surface. Overall, eggshell surfaces were smoother among species that lay immaculate eggs, meaning those without any pattern, in contrast to maculate eggs. Eggshells from semi-enclosed nests had smoother surfaces than those laid in exposed (cup, bowl, platform, no nest) nests. We found that 90.1% of the species had eggshell surfaces mainly composed of valleys rather than peaks, based on their S sk . By exploring the properties and performance of porous surfaces in nature, we may inspire future biomimicry designs that take advantage of these discoveries.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1098/rsif.2024.0527
ISSN:	1742-5662
Additional Keywords:	avian, kurtosis, roughness, skewness, surface structure
Date made live:	01 Dec 2025 15:32 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/540681

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