A novel single-cell NAD-ME C4 subtype integrated with CAM and bicarbonate use in an aquatic plant

Jiang, Hong Sheng ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-007X; Huang, Wenmin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0184-0920; Han, Shijuan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2826-4035; Li, Pengpeng ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9470-6617; Liao, Zuying ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3378-9396; Wei, Liyuan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0528-5644; Zhao, Lei ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9810-6672; Gu, Shuping ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1701-4544; Ding, Jun ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-2639; Gontero, Brigitte ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-712X; Maberly, Stephen C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-5903; Li, Wei ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-2544. 2025 A novel single-cell NAD-ME C4 subtype integrated with CAM and bicarbonate use in an aquatic plant. New Phytologist. 16, pp. 10.1111/nph.70673

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Abstract/Summary

•Many plants maximize photosynthesis by using a CO2 ‐concentrating mechanism (CCM). Based on physiology, the freshwater plant Ottelia alismoides has three CCMs: C 4 metabolism (NAD‐malic enzyme (NAD‐ME) subtype) and bicarbonate‐use during the day plus crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) at night and lacks Kranz anatomy. •Here, we combined a range of techniques including analysis of enzyme activity and location, transcriptomics, proteomics and 13 C labelling in plants grown at low and high concentrations of CO 2 to investigate how these CCMs interact and can be integrated without Kranz anatomy. •We showed that, unlike canonical NAD‐ME subtypes, malate is the first stable compound, produced by a cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, rather than aspartate produced by aspartate aminotransferase. CAM depends on the nocturnal synthesis and transport of malic acid into the vacuole involving a vacuolar‐ATPase and a tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter that are highly expressed at night. •These results show that C 4 and CAM are compatible within a single cell, thanks to temporal regulation and expression of different isoforms of key enzymes and transporters. They contribute to the growing appreciation of the diversity of CCMs and how different processes can co‐occur and be coordinated. This study presents a model that could facilitate future plant engineering.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1111/nph.70673
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	UKCEH Fellows
ISSN:	0028-646X
Additional Information:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	C4 photosynthesis, CO2 concentrating mechanism, Crassulacean acid metabolism, Ottelia alismoides, PEP carboxylase, photosynthesis, Rubisco, single-cell
NORA Subject Terms:	Biology and Microbiology
Related URLs:	Dataset
Date made live:	30 Oct 2025 11:32 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/540475

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