The global spectrum of tree crown architecture

Jucker, Tommaso ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-6312; Fischer, Fabian Jörg; Chave, Jérôme ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-1347; Coomes, David A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-2582; Caspersen, John; Ali, Arshad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9966-2917; Loubota Panzou, Grace Jopaul; Feldpausch, Ted R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-7962; Falster, Daniel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-092X; Usoltsev, Vladimir A.; Jackson, Toby D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-6161; Adu-Bredu, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7487-7911; Alves, Luciana F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-1851; Aminpour, Mohammad; Angoboy Ilondea, Bhely; Anten, Niels P. R.; Antin, Cécile; Askari, Yousef; Ayyappan, Narayanan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X; Banin, Lindsay F. 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ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-4671; Kohyama, Takashi S.; Kunwar, Suwash; Kuyah, Shem ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7692-585X; Kvasnica, Jakub ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-5318; Lin, Siliang; Lines, Emily R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-8741; Liu, Hongyan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-4439; Lorimer, Craig; Loumeto, Jean-Joël; Malhi, Yadvinder ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-4783; Marshall, Peter L.; Mattsson, Eskil; Matula, Radim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-0100; Meave, Jorge A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-8803; Mensah, Sylvanus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6838-749X; Mi, Xiangcheng ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5881; Momo, Stéphane T.; Moncrieff, Glenn R.; Mora, Francisco; Muñoz, Rodrigo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-0126; Nissanka, Sarath P.; Nur Hajar, Zamah Shari; O’Hara, Kevin L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3800-9188; Pearce, Steven; Pelissier, Raphaël ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-5090; Peri, Pablo L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-4408; Ploton, Pierre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8800-3593; Poorter, Lourens ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-4875; Pour, Mohsen Javanmiri; Pourbabaei, Hassan; Ribeiro, Sabina C.; Ryan, Casey ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-0128; Sanaei, Anvar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-6944; Sanger, Jennifer; Schlund, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-6713; Sellan, Giacomo; Shenkin, Alexander; Sonké, Bonaventure; Sterck, Frank J.; Svátek, Martin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-4627; Takagi, Kentaro ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1321-2841; Trugman, Anna T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-9711; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8269-0708; Valipour, Ahmad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-8191; Vanderwel, Mark C.; Vovides, Alejandra G.; Waldner, Peter; Wang, Weiwei; Wang, Li-Qiu; Wirth, Christian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-8056; Woods, Murray; Xiang, Wenhua ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-7938; de Aquino Ximenes, Fabiano; Xu, Yaozhan; Yamada, Toshihiro; Zavala, Miguel A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-0132; Zimmermann, Niklaus E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-9604. 2025 The global spectrum of tree crown architecture. Nature Communications, 16, 4876. 16, pp. 10.1038/s41467-025-60262-x