A multithreat meta-analytic database for understanding insect biodiversity change

Millard, Joseph ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-3565; Skinner, Grace ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-2963; Bladon, Andrew J.; Cooke, Rob ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0601-8888; Outhwaite, Charlotte L.; Rodger, James G.; Barnes, Lindsey A.; Isip, Justin E.; Keum, Junghyuk; Raw, Cristina; Wenban‐Smith, Emily; Dicks, Lynn V.; Hui, Cang; Jones, John Iwan; Woodcock, Ben ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-9951; Isaac, Nick J.B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-8052; Purvis, Andy. 2025 A multithreat meta-analytic database for understanding insect biodiversity change. Diversity and Distributions, 31 (5), e70025. 9, pp. 10.1111/ddi.70025

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Abstract/Summary

•Aim: Widespread declines in insect biodiversity have been attributed to a diverse set of anthropogenic drivers, but the relative importance of these drivers remains unclear. A key reason for this uncertainty is that their effects depend on many factors, such as taxonomy, geography, sampling method and the biodiversity metric considered. To better understand the relative impact of different drivers on insect biodiversity, effect sizes need to be anchored to major sources of heterogeneity and collected reproducibly through a structured and consistent protocol. This standardised approach will allow a quantitative synthesis of relative threats to insects, enabling more robust predictions of changes in insect biodiversity. •Innovation: Here we publish a global database of effect sizes that quantify the effect of 5 anthropogenic drivers on insect abundance, species richness, biomass and fecundity within the framework of the IUCN threat classification. While we only present results for a subset of major anthropogenic drivers and insect Orders, the database structure allows the addition of new studies for all major IUCN threats and insect Orders. Our current set of effect sizes was collated from 7 meta‐analyses, including 6308 effect sizes from 317 studies, focusing on threats ranked highly in an initial expert elicitation process. Data collection followed an overall meta‐protocol and a set of individual protocols tailored to each meta‐analysis. Our database provides a framework for the first global meta‐analytic overview of the response of insects to a range of major anthropogenic drivers. •Main Conclusions: Structured collation of both experimental and quasi‐experimental effect sizes, together with metadata that capture the main sources of heterogeneity, is needed to understand the effect of anthropogenic activity on insects. In turn, this understanding opens the way to predicting how we might expect insect biodiversity to have changed in the past and into the future.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1111/ddi.70025
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Biodiversity and Land Use (2025-)
ISSN:	1366-9516
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	biodiversity change, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, insect decline, IUCN threats, Lepidoptera, meta-analysis
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Data and Information
Related URLs:	Dataset
Date made live:	13 Jun 2025 08:04 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/539580

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