Tunnicliffe, Verena; Sánchez, Luis E.; Mudd, Gavin M.; Amon, Diva J.; Levin, Lisa A.; Lily, Hannah; Ramirez-Llodra, Eva; Cross, Adam T.. 2025 Metal mining on land versus the ocean in the context of the current Biodiversity Crisis. npj Ocean Sustainability, 4 (1), 7. 10.1038/s44183-025-00110-z
Abstract
As climate change and biodiversity loss intensify, the deep seabed beckons as a source of metals for batteries. Initiating this new exploitation conflicts with international agreements to decelerate biodiversity loss through wider protections of ecosystem integrity. The poor record of terrestrial mining must not be an excuse to mine the ocean floor. Improved oversight and biodiversity protection as miners increase production on land will produce a better global biodiversity outcome.
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s44183-025-00110-z.pdf - Published Version
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s44183-025-00110-z.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
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Programmes:
BGS Programmes 2020 > Decarbonisation & resource management
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