Evaluating the multiple benefits of constructed wetlands in the restoration of rural village ponds in the tropics

Chhoden, Kalzang; Kumar, Jhalesh; Singh, Rajesh; Singh, Omkar; Goyal, V.C.; Vyas, Subhash; Singh, Nihal; Dobel, Anne; Hurst, Elliot; Carvalho, Laurence ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-9902; Tyagi, Vinay Kumar. 2025 Evaluating the multiple benefits of constructed wetlands in the restoration of rural village ponds in the tropics. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 72, 107529. 12, pp. 10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107529

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Abstract/Summary

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable technology for the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this study, the water quality of a CW integrated pond in Ibrahimpur village in sub-tropical India has been compared with a control pond in Masahi Kala village. Field investigations evaluated the performance of a CW system in enhancing water quality, ecological health (via macroinvertebrate analysis), and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The treatment chain comprises of a settling chamber (≈7 h HRT), CW (≈3.7 days HRT), and pond (≈190 days HRT) resulting in a notable reduction of BOD (83 %), COD (81 %), NH4-N (82 %), and PO4-P (75 %) concentration. Moreover, a 3-log reduction in average total coliform counts and a 4-log reduction in E. coli counts were observed. Mean CH4 and CO2 concentrations measured in Masahi Kala pond (control) were an order of magnitude greater than those observed in Ibrahimpur pond, i.e.,7.66 mg CH4-C L−1 and 7.69 mg CO2-C L−1 in Masahi pond compared to 0.237 mg CH4-C L−1 and 0.933 mg CO2-C L−1 in Ibrahimpur pond. The Ibrahimpur pond was dominated by Chlorophyta (on average 57 % of biovolume) algae, whereas, the Masahi pond was dominated by Euglenophyta, a bioindicator of organic pollution. The findings underscore the multifaceted benefits of CWs in revitalizing rural village ponds, demonstrating their effectiveness as a sustainable solution for ecological restoration and wastewater management.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107529
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Water and Climate Science (2025-)
ISSN:	2214-7144
Additional Keywords:	constructed wetlands, methane, plankton, macroinvertebrates, India
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Hydrology
Date made live:	26 Mar 2025 16:06 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/539164

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