Rethinking the words hotspot reservoir and pristine in the environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance

Helliwell, Richard; Ewin, Isabel; Williams, Alexander D.; Levine, Diane T.; Singer, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-6063; Raman, Sujatha; Morris, Carol; Stekel, Dov J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-8079. 2025 Rethinking the words hotspot reservoir and pristine in the environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance. npj Antimicrobials and Resistance, 3, 11. 7, pp. 10.1038/s44259-025-00080-9

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Abstract/Summary

We assess three words commonly used to represent the environmental dimensions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – ‘hotspot’, ‘reservoir’ and ‘pristine’ – through two questions: how are these terms used in published research; and how do these terms shape research being conducted? We advocate for the community to reflect on and improve its use of language, and suggest four potentially more productive and precise terms for AMR hazard: presence; transmission; evolution and connectivity.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1038/s44259-025-00080-9
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Environmental Pressures and Responses (2025-)
ISSN:	2731-8745
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	antimicrobial resistance, environmental microbiology
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Data and Information
Date made live:	03 Mar 2025 15:39 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/539001

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