Using model‐based distance sampling to estimate decadal population change in northern gannets (Morus bassanus) across periods spanned by different at‐sea survey methods

Clark‐Wolf, T.J.; Miller, David L.; Drake, Hannah; Fifield, David A.; Rail, Jean‐François; Wakefield, Ewan D.; Wilhelm, Sabina I.; Wong, Sarah N.P.; Gjerdrum, Carina. 2025 Using model‐based distance sampling to estimate decadal population change in northern gannets (Morus bassanus) across periods spanned by different at‐sea survey methods. Ibis. 10.1111/ibi.13387

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Abstract/Summary

Seabirds are important sentinels of climate and ecosystem change, but many breeding populations are difficult to monitor because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of their colonies, and the sometimes cryptic nature of their nests and burrows. Large‐scale monitoring of seabird populations at sea can also be used to estimate population trends and inform conservation efforts. However, although modern survey techniques can be used to estimate absolute abundance, many older survey methodologies have recorded only relative, and possibly biased, abundance. These approaches are exemplified in the western North Atlantic, where seabirds have been surveyed at sea using modern methods (Eastern Canada Seabirds at Sea, or ECSAS) since 2006, but under the simpler PIROP ( Programme intégré de recherches sur les oiseaux pélagiques ) protocol from 1965 to 1992. Methodological differences between these survey types limit our understanding of long‐term trends in seabird populations, both in the western North Atlantic and elsewhere. Hence, we conducted simultaneous surveys using both methods from 2014 to 2021 and used advances in model‐based distance sampling to allow comparison across these longer‐term datasets. We validated our methodology by comparing population trends of Northern Gannets Morus bassanus using the at‐sea data and breeding colony surveys. The trend in abundance at sea (2.69% increase annually) was similar to that at breeding colonies (2.91% increase annually), suggesting that our combined approach can be used to estimate seabird population changes robustly across the period spanned by the two survey programmes. We envision that analyses using similar combined survey methods could reveal decadal population trends and changes in conservation status of many seabird species that currently lack such information because of the absence of colony counts.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1111/ibi.13387
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Biodiversity and Land Use (2025-)
ISSN:	0019-1019
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	abundance estimation, at-sea surveys, distance sampling, population trends, seabirds
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Data and Information
Related URLs:	Dataset Dataset
Date made live:	23 Jan 2025 16:45 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/538790

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