Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies

Effective strategies to address pressing sustainability challenges such as climate change and resource conservation depend on a robust understanding of the physical economy or socioeconomic metabolism (SEM). However, approaches to map the SEM using material flow analysis (MFA) are highly fragmented. They are often hampered by a poor understanding of the physical system, poor data, large uncertainties, unsuitable model approaches, or a lack of effective communication, all of which can severely limit the usefulness for informing business and government strategies. To address these shortcomings, we differentiate key components of MFA, analyze their structure and function, and propose a common framework and roadmap for monitoring the physical economy. We illustrate the use of this framework with a case study on aluminum at global and industrial plant levels.