Pathogenicity of psychrotolerant strains of Antarctic Pseudogmynoascus fungi reveals potential opportunistic profiles

Gomes, Eldon Carlos Queres; Gonçalves, Vívian Nicolau; da Costa, Marliete Carvalho; Cota de Freitas, Gustavo José; Santos, Daniel Assis; Johann, Susana; Oliveira, Jefferson Bruno Soares; da Paixão, Tatiane Alves; Convey, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8497-9903; Rosa, Luiz Henrique. 2024 Pathogenicity of psychrotolerant strains of Antarctic Pseudogmynoascus fungi reveals potential opportunistic profiles. The Microbe, 6, 100186. 10, pp. 10.1016/j.microb.2024.100186

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Abstract/Summary

Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of fungal taxa in the extreme ecosystems of Antarctica that are known to opportunistically infect humans and animals. Among these are members of the genus Pseudogymnoascus, including some that are genetically similar to P. destructans, known to be pathogenic to bats. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo pathogenic potential of 11 Pseudogymnoascus spp. strains recovered from Antarctica. All strains were able to grow at temperatures up to 28 °C and displayed in vitro pathogenicity through hemolytic activity, growth at different pH levels, production of hydrolytic enzymes, spore diameters, tolerance to oxidative stress, hypoxia, and halotolerance. Among them, Pseudogymnoascus sp. UFMG 8532 exhibited strong in vitro pathogenicity and in preliminary in vivo assay killed 100 % of Tenebrio molitor larvae within one day. The pathogenicity of the same strain was also tested using immunosuppressed BALB/c mouse models. Survival of BALB/c mice was affected, with oscillations between weight gain and loss, and impacts on sensory function, reflexes and autonomic function. Histopathological data from the organs of infected mice showed evidence of inflammatory processes, with numerous neutrophils, a small number of macrophages, fluid accumulation inside the lungs and intense hyperemia. Our results indicate that Antarctic Pseudogymnoascus spp. strains obtained from various substrates/habitats in maritime Antarctica may possess intrinsic virulence factors and pathogenic potential for immunosuppressed animals and humans in the region. Given that the Antarctic environment is an important reservoir for Pseudogymnoascus species, which display growth performance across a range of temperatures, it is possible that increasing temperatures in the maritime Antarctic could activate dormant genes or biochemical pathways, select virulent species and/or strains, and facilitate their spread within and beyond the region. The ability of Pseudogymnoascus species to grow slowly even at 28°C, coupled with their potential in vitro and in vivo virulence factors, suggests that these fungi might be undergoing an opportunistic transition due to the effects of climate change on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.microb.2024.100186
ISSN:	0048-9697
Additional Keywords:	Climate change, extremophiles, fungi, opportunistic, virulence
Date made live:	15 Oct 2024 12:54 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/537181

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.microb.2024.100186

ISSN:

0048-9697

Additional Keywords:

Climate change, extremophiles, fungi, opportunistic, virulence

Date made live:

15 Oct 2024 12:54 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/537181