The impact of different fertiliser management options and cultivars on nitrogen use efficiency and yield for rice cropping in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: two seasons of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions

Bhatia, Arti; Cowan, Nicholas J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-7916; Drewer, Julia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6263-6341; Tomer, Ritu; Kumar, Vinod; Sharma, Shikha; Paul, Ankita; Jain, Niveta; Kumar, Sandeep; Jha, Girish; Singh, Renu; Prasanna, Radha; Ramakrishnan, Balasubramanium; Bandyopadhyay, Sanjoy K.; Kumar, Dinesh; Sutton, Mark A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1342-2072; Pathak, Himanshu. 2023 The impact of different fertiliser management options and cultivars on nitrogen use efficiency and yield for rice cropping in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: two seasons of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 355, 108593. 12, pp. 10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593

Abstract/Summary

This study presents detailed crop and gas flux data from two years of rice production at the experimental farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. In comparing 4 nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes across 4 rice cultivars (CRD 310, IR-64, MTU 1010, P-44), we have added to growing evidence of the environmental costs of rice production in the region. The study shows that rice cultivar can impact yields of both grain, and total biomass produced in given circumstances, with the CRD 310 cultivar showing consistently high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for total biomass compared with other tested varieties, but not necessarily with the highest grain yield, which was P-44 in this experiment. While NUE of the rice did vary depending on experimental treatments (ranging from 41% to 73%), 73%), this did not translate directly into the reduction of emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions were relatively similar across the different rice cultivars regardless of NUE. Conversely, agronomic practices that reduced total N losses were associated with higher yield. In terms of fertiliser application, the outstanding impact was of the very high methane (CH4) emissions as a result of incorporating farmyard manure (FYM) into rice paddies, which dominated the overall effect on global warming potential. While the use of nitrification and urease inhibiting substances decreased N2O emissions overall, NH3 emissions were relatively unaffected (or slightly higher). Overall, the greatest reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions came from reducing irrigation water added to the fields, resulting in higher N2O, but significantly less CH4 emissions, reducing net GHG emission compared with continuous flooding. Overall, genetic differences generated more variation in yield and NUE than agronomic management (excluding controls), whereas agronomy generated larger differences than genetics concerning gaseous losses. This study suggests that a mixed approach needs to be applied when attempting to reduce pollution and global warming potential from rice production and potential pollution swapping and synergies need to be considered. Finding the right balance of rice cultivar, irrigation technique and fertiliser type could significantly reduce emissions, while getting it wrong can result in considerably poorer yields and higher pollution.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)
ISSN:	0167-8809
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.
Additional Keywords:	NUE, India, greenhouse gas, agriculture, gas flux
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Agriculture and Soil Science
Date made live:	01 Sep 2023 12:14 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/535623

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Atmospheric Chemistry and Effects (Science Area 2017-)

ISSN:

0167-8809

Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:

Open Access paper - full text available via Official URL link.

Additional Keywords:

NUE, India, greenhouse gas, agriculture, gas flux