Contrasting fate of western Third Pole's water resources under 21st century climate change

Su, Fengge; Pritchard, Hamish D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-1734; Yao, Tandong; Huang, Jingheng; Ou, Tinghai; Meng, Fanchong; Sun, He; Li, Ying; Xu, Baiqing; Zhu, Meilin; Chen, Deliang. 2022 Contrasting fate of western Third Pole's water resources under 21st century climate change. Earth's Future, 10 (9), e2022EF002776. 19, pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002776

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Text (Open Access) © 2022 The Authors. Earth's Future published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union. Earth s Future - 2022 - Su - Contrasting Fate of Western Third Pole s Water Resources Under 21st Century Climate Change.pdf - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives 4.0. Download (2MB) | Preview

Abstract/Summary

Seasonal melting of glaciers and snow from the western Third Pole (TP) plays important role in sustaining water supplies downstream. However, the future water availability of the region, and even today’s runoff regime, are both hotly debated and inadequately quantified. Here, we characterize the contemporary flow regimes and systematically assess the future evolution of total water availability, seasonal shifts, and dry and wet discharge extremes in four most meltwater-dominated basins in the western TP, by using a process-based, well-established glacier-hydrology model, well-constrained historical reference climate data, and the ensemble of 22 global climate models with an advanced statistical downscaling and bias correction technique. We show that these basins face sharply diverging water futures under 21st century climate change. In RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, increased precipitation and glacier runoff in the Upper Indus and Yarkant basins more than compensate for decreased winter snow accumulation, boosting annual and summer water availability through the end of the century. In contrast, the Amu and Syr Darya basins will become more reliant on rainfall runoff as glacier ice and seasonal snow decline. Syr Darya summer river-flows, already low, will fall by 16–30% by end-of-century, and striking increases in peak flood discharge (by >60%), drought duration (by >1 month) and drought intensity (by factor 4.6) will compound the considerable water-sharing challenges on this major transboundary river.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002776
ISSN:	2328-4277
Additional Keywords:	Western High Mountain Asia, Snow and glacier melt, Basin flow regime, Climate change, Hydrological projection
Date made live:	14 Sep 2022 08:34 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/533213

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