Genomics of cold adaptations in the Antarctic notothenioid fish radiation

Bista, Iliana; Wood, Jonathan M.D.; Desvignes, Thomas; McCarthy, Shane A.; Matschiner, Michael; Ning, Zemin; Tracey, Alan; Torrance, James; Sims, Ying; Chow, William; Smith, Michelle; Oliver, Karen; Haggerty, Leanne; Salzburger, Walter; Postlethwait, John H.; Howe, Kerstin; Clark, Melody S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3442-3824; Detrich III, William H.; Cheng, C.-H. Christina; Miska, Eric A.; Durbin, Richard. 2023 Genomics of cold adaptations in the Antarctic notothenioid fish radiation. Nature Communications, 14, 3412. 16, pp. 10.1038/s41467-023-38567-6

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Official URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-38567-6

Abstract/Summary

Numerous novel adaptations characterise the radiation of notothenioids, the dominant fish group in the freezing seas of the Southern Ocean. To improve understanding of the evolution of this iconic fish group, here we generate and analyse new genome assemblies for 24 species covering all major subgroups of the radiation, including five long-read assemblies. We present a new estimate for the onset of the radiation at 10.7 million years ago, based on a time-calibrated phylogeny derived from genome-wide sequence data. We identify a two-fold variation in genome size, driven by expansion of multiple transposable element families, and use the long-read data to reconstruct two evolutionarily important, highly repetitive gene family loci. First, we present the most complete reconstruction to date of the antifreeze glycoprotein gene family, whose emergence enabled survival in sub-zero temperatures, showing the expansion of the antifreeze gene locus from the ancestral to the derived state. Second, we trace the loss of haemoglobin genes in icefishes, the only vertebrates lacking functional haemoglobins, through complete reconstruction of the two haemoglobin gene clusters across notothenioid families. Both the haemoglobin and antifreeze genomic loci are characterised by multiple transposon expansions that may have driven the evolutionary history of these genes.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1038/s41467-023-38567-6
ISSN:	20411723
Additional Keywords:	notothenioids, genomics, cold adaptation, genome evolution, transposable elements
Date made live:	12 Jun 2023 08:39 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532835

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1038/s41467-023-38567-6

ISSN:

20411723

Additional Keywords:

notothenioids, genomics, cold adaptation, genome evolution, transposable elements

Date made live:

12 Jun 2023 08:39 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/532835