Urban geology : integrating surface and sub-surface geoscientific information for developing needs

The British Geological Survey (BGS) operates an urban geoscience programme that aims to provide up-to-date information on ground-related issues for the towns and cities of the UK. Research in the major conurbations of Manchester, Swansea and Glasgow is demonstrating the value of integrating surface geological mapping with sub-surface geoscientific information through the use of three-dimensional models. This approach provides a more holistic view of the near-surface environment and provides a means of identifying potential problems and opportunities at an early stage in any proposed development. If implemented over a wider area, it could assist in designing site investigation strategies and reduce costs by ensuring a more focused approach to strategic planning.