Submarine landslide megablocks show half of Anak Krakatau island failed on December 22nd, 2018

Hunt, J.E.; Tappin, D.R.; Watt, S.F.L.; Susilohadi, S.; Novellino, A.; Ebmeier, S.K.; Cassidy, M.; Engwell, S.L.; Grilli, S.T.; Hanif, M.; Priyanto, W.S.; Clare, M.A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-3878; Abdurrachman, M.; Udrekh, U.. 2021 Submarine landslide megablocks show half of Anak Krakatau island failed on December 22nd, 2018. Nature Communications, 12, 2827. 10.1038/s41467-021-22610-5

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22610-5

Abstract/Summary

As demonstrated at Anak Krakatau on December 22nd, 2018, tsunamis generated by volcanicflank collapse are incompletely understood and can be devastating. Here, we present thefirsthigh-resolution characterisation of both subaerial and submarine components of the collapse.Combined Synthetic Aperture Radar data and aerial photographs reveal an extensive sub-aerial failure that bounds pre-event deformation and volcanic products. To the southwest ofthe volcano, bathymetric and seismic reflection data reveal a blocky landslide deposit (0.214± 0.036 km3) emplaced over 1.5 km into the adjacent basin. Ourfindings are consistent withen-masselateral collapse with a volume≥0.175 km3, resolving several ambiguities in previousreconstructions. Post-collapse eruptions produced an additional ~0.3 km3of tephra, buryingthe scar and landslide deposit. The event provides a model for lateral collapse scenarios atother arc-volcanic islands showing that rapid island growth can lead to large-scale failure andthat even faster rebuilding can obscure pre-existing collapse.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1038/s41467-021-22610-5
Programmes:	NOC Programmes > Ocean BioGeosciences
ISSN:	2041-1723
Date made live:	20 Aug 2021 10:00 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/530713

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1038/s41467-021-22610-5

Programmes:

NOC Programmes > Ocean BioGeosciences

ISSN:

2041-1723

Date made live:

20 Aug 2021 10:00 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/530713