Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: An underappreciated process in atmospheric models.

Sotiropoulou, G.; Vignon, E.; Young, G.; Morrison, H.; O'Shea, S.J.; Lachlan-Cope, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0657-3235; Berne, A.; Nenes, A.. 2021 Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: An underappreciated process in atmospheric models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21. 755-771. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021

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Official URL: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/755/2021/

Abstract/Summary

The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections of the future Antarctic climate. This is particularly true for summer clouds which play a critical role in the surface melting of the ice shelves in the vicinity of the Weddell Sea. The pristine atmosphere over the Antarctic coast is characterized by low concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) which often result in the formation of supercooled liquid clouds. However, when ice formation occurs, the ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are substantially higher than those predicted by existing primary ice nucleation parameterizations. The rime-splintering mechanism, thought to be the dominant secondary ice production (SIP) mechanism at temperatures between −8 and −3 ∘C, is also weak in the Weather and Research Forecasting model. Including a parameterization for SIP due to breakup (BR) from collisions between ice particles improves the ICNC representation in the modeled mixed-phase clouds, suggesting that BR could account for the enhanced ICNCs often found in Antarctic clouds. The model results indicate that a minimum concentration of about ∼ 0.1 L−1 of primary ice crystals is necessary and sufficient to initiate significant breakup to explain the observations, while our findings show little sensitivity to increasing INPs. The BR mechanism is currently not represented in most weather prediction and climate models; including this process can have a significant impact on the Antarctic radiation budget.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021
ISSN:	1680-7316
Date made live:	28 Jan 2021 09:17 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/529522

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021

ISSN:

1680-7316

Date made live:

28 Jan 2021 09:17 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/529522