A multi-sensor and modeling approach for mapping light under sea ice during the ice-growth season

Stroeve, Julienne; Vancoppenolle, Martin; Veyssiere, Gaelle; Lebrun, Marion; Castellani, Giulia; Babin, Marcel; Karcher, Michael; Landy, Jack; Liston, Glen E.; Wilkinson, Jeremy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-3042. 2021 A multi-sensor and modeling approach for mapping light under sea ice during the ice-growth season. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 592337. 28, pp. 10.3389/fmars.2020.592337

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Copyright © 2021 Stroeve, Vancoppenolle, Veyssiere, Lebrun, Castellani, Babin, Karcher, Landy, Liston and Wilkinson. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Abstract/Summary

Arctic sea ice is shifting from a year-round to a seasonal sea ice cover. This substantial transformation, via a reduction in Arctic sea ice extent and a thinning of its thickness, influences the amount of light entering the upper ocean. This in turn impacts underice algal growth and associated ecosystem dynamics. Field campaigns have provided valuable insights as to how snow and ice properties impact light penetration at fixed locations in the Arctic, but to understand the spatial variability in the under-ice light field there is a need to scale up to the pan-Arctic level. Combining information from satellites with state-of-the-art parameterizations is one means to achieve this. This study combines satellite and modeled data products to map under-ice light on a monthly timescale from 2011 through 2018. Key limitations pertain to the availability of satellitederived sea ice thickness, which for radar altimetry, is only available during the sea ice growth season. We clearly show that year-to-year variability in snow depth, along with the fraction of thin ice, plays a key role in how much light enters the Arctic Ocean. This is particularly significant in April, which in some regions, coincides with the beginning of the under-ice algal bloom, whereas we find that ice thickness is the main driver of under-ice light availability at the end of the melt season in October. The extension to the melt season due to a warmer Arctic means that snow accumulation has reduced, which is leading to positive trends in light transmission through snow. This, combined with a thinner ice cover, should lead to increased under-ice PAR also in the summer months.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.3389/fmars.2020.592337
ISSN:	2296-7745
Additional Keywords:	sea ice; under-ice light; ocean primary productivity; Arctic; marine ecosystems
Date made live:	09 Feb 2021 10:10 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526363

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.3389/fmars.2020.592337

ISSN:

2296-7745

Additional Keywords:

sea ice; under-ice light; ocean primary productivity; Arctic; marine ecosystems

Date made live:

09 Feb 2021 10:10 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526363