The Southern Annular Mode: variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere

Fogt, Ryan L.; Marshall, Gareth J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8887-7314. 2020 The Southern Annular Mode: variability, trends, and climate impacts across the Southern Hemisphere. WIREs Climate Change, 11 (4), e652. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.652

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Abstract/Summary

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the polar jet around Antarctica. This variability in the polar jet drives large fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere climate, from the lower stratosphere into the troposphere, and stretching from the midlatitudes across the Southern Ocean to Antarctica. Notably, the SAM index has displayed marked positive trends in the austral summer season (stronger and poleward shifted westerlies), associated with stratospheric ozone loss. Historical reconstructions demonstrate that these recent positive SAM index values are unprecedented in the last millennia, and fall outside the range of natural climate variability. Despite these advances in the understanding of the SAM behavior, several areas of active research are identified that highlight gaps in our present knowledge.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.652
ISSN:	17577780
Additional Keywords:	Antarctica, climate variability, ozone depletion, Southern Annular Mode
Date made live:	01 Jun 2020 10:02 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/526254

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