A 30-year simulation of the outer electron radiation belt

Glauert, Sarah A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-8608; Horne, Richard B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-6407; Meredith, Nigel P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-3463. 2018 A 30-year simulation of the outer electron radiation belt. Space Weather, 16 (10). 1498-1522. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001981

Before downloading, please read NORA policies.

Preview

Text
©2018. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Glauert-2018-A--year-simulation-of-the-outer-ele.pdf - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Download (9MB) | Preview

Official URL: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.102...

Abstract/Summary

As society becomes more reliant on satellite technology, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the radiation environment throughout the Van Allen radiation belts. Historically most satellites have operated in low Earth orbit or geostationary orbit (GEO), but there are now over 100 satellites in medium Earth orbit (MEO). Additionally, satellites using electric orbit raising to reach GEO may spend hundreds of days on orbits that pass through the heart of the radiation belts. There is little long‐term data on the high‐energy electron flux, responsible for internal charging in satellites, available for MEO. Here we simulate the electron flux between the outer edge of the inner belt and GEO for 30 years. We present a method that converts the >2‐MeV flux measured at GEO by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites spacecraft into a differential flux spectrum to provide an outer boundary condition. The resulting simulation is validated using independent measurements made by the Galileo In‐Orbit Validation Element‐B spacecraft; correlation coefficients are in the range 0.72 to 0.88, and skill scores are between 0.6 and 0.8 for a range of L∗ and energies. The results show a clear solar cycle variation and filling of the slot region during active conditions and that the worst case spectrum overlaps that derived independently for the limiting extreme event. The simulation provides a resource that can be used by satellite designers to understand the MEO environment, by space insurers to help resolve the cause of anomalies and by satellite operators to plan for the environmental extremes.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001981
ISSN:	15427390
Additional Keywords:	radiation belt, long-term simulation, high-energy electrons, solar cycle
Date made live:	11 Oct 2018 14:30 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520357

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW001981

ISSN:

15427390

Additional Keywords:

radiation belt, long-term simulation, high-energy electrons, solar cycle

Date made live:

11 Oct 2018 14:30 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520357