Sub-lethal viral exposure and growth on drought stressed host plants changes resource allocation patterns and life history costs in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria

Gibbs, Melanie; Weir, Laura. 2017 Sub-lethal viral exposure and growth on drought stressed host plants changes resource allocation patterns and life history costs in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 150. 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.10.001

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Abstract/Summary

This study in­ves­ti­gated the in­ter­ac­tive ef­fects of growth on drought stressed host plants and pathogen chal­lenge with the bac­ulovirus Au­to­grapha cal­i­for­nica nu­cle­opoly­he­drovirus (AcM­NPV) on sur­vival and fit­ness-re­lated traits us­ing the Speck­led Wood but­ter­fly, Pararge aege­ria (L.). Ex­po­sure to AcM­NPV sig­nif­i­cantly re­duced sur­vival to pu­pa­tion. For sur­viv­ing lar­vae, sub-lethal in­fec­tion sig­nif­i­cantly de­creased daily mass ac­qui­si­tion rates and pu­pal mass. Growth on drought stressed plants in­creased daily mass ac­qui­si­tion rates re­sult­ing in heav­ier pu­pae, and in­creased re­source al­lo­ca­tion to adult re­pro­duc­tion. The in­ter­ac­tion be­tween host plant drought and vi­ral ex­po­sure re­sulted in dif­fer­ent re­source al­lo­ca­tion strate­gies, and thus dif­fer­ent growth tra­jec­to­ries, be­tween lar­vae. This in turn re­sulted in sig­nif­i­cantly dif­fer­ent al­lo­met­ric re­la­tion­ships be­tween lar­val mass (at in­oc­u­la­tion) and both de­vel­op­ment time and in­vest­ment in flight mus­cles. For lar­vae with rel­a­tively lighter masses there was a cost of re­sist­ing in­fec­tion when growth oc­curred on drought stressed host plants, both within the lar­val stage (i.e. longer lar­val de­vel­op­ment times) and in the adult stage (i.e. lower in­vest­ment in flight mus­cle mass). This multi-fac­tor study high­lights sev­eral po­ten­tial mech­a­nisms by which the com­plex in­ter­play be­tween low host plant nu­tri­tional qual­ity due to drought, and pathogen ex­po­sure, may dif­fer­en­tially in­flu­ence the per­for­mance of P. aege­ria in­di­vid­u­als across mul­ti­ple life stages.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.10.001
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Pywell
ISSN:	0022-2011
Additional Keywords:	baculovirus, immune defence, host plant quality, compensatory growth
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Zoology
Date made live:	05 Oct 2017 15:49 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/517983

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