Abstract
Pakistan lies in southern Asia, bordered to the east
by India, the west by Iran and Afghanistan and to
the north by China (Figure 1). The total area is
803,940 square kilometres. Terrain consists of the
flat-lying Indus Plain in the east, mountains of the
Himalaya, Karakoram and Hi
ndukush ranges in the
north, hill regions (up to 4761 m) in the north-west,
and the upland Baluchistan plateau in the west.
Elevation ranges are extrem
e, from K2 (8611 m) to
the Indian Ocean (0 m).
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