Changes in ocean heat, carbon content, and ventilation: a review of the first decade of GO-SHIP global repeat hydrography

Talley, L.D.; Feely, R.A.; Sloyan, B.M.; Wanninkhof, R.; Baringer, M.O.; Bullister, J.L.; Carlson, C.A.; Doney, S.C.; Fine, R.A.; Firing, E.; Gruber, N.; Hansell, D.A.; Ishii, M.; Johnson, G.C.; Katsumata, K.; Key, R.M.; Kramp, M.; Langdon, C.; Macdonald, A.M.; Mathis, J.T.; McDonagh, E.L.; Mecking, S.; Millero, F.J.; Mordy, C.W.; Nakano, T.; Sabine, C.L.; Smethie, W.M.; Swift, J.H.; Tanhua, T.; Thurnherr, A.M.; Warner, M.J.; Zhang, J.-Z.. 2016 Changes in ocean heat, carbon content, and ventilation: a review of the first decade of GO-SHIP global repeat hydrography. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8 (1). 185-215. 10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829

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Abstract/Summary

Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth's climate system, is taking up most of Earth's excess anthropogenic heat, with about 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about 27% of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcingand ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (∼20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean's overturning circulation.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1146/annurev-marine-052915-100829
ISSN:	1941-1405
NORA Subject Terms:	Marine Sciences
Date made live:	21 Mar 2016 14:25 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/513293

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