Pottinger, Tom G.; Carrick, T.R.; Yeomans, W.E.. 2002 The three-spined stickleback as an environmental sentinel: effects of stressors on whole-body physiological indices. Journal of Fish Biology, 61 (1). 207-229. 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01747.x
Abstract
Indicators of a generalised stress response (changes in cortisol, glucose, RNA:DNA ratio and total protein) when measured in whole-body preparations of individual sticklebacks display significant alterations in response to acute (hours) and chronic (days) disturbances and food withdrawal. In addition, changes in alkali-labile phosphorous, a specific biomarker of exposure to estrogenic contaminants, can be detected in whole-body preparations of estrogen-exposed sticklebacks confirming that the measurement of biomarkers normally assessed in a specific tissue can be equally possible in whole fish.
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