Crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magmas of the Karoo LIP on the basis of Al-in-olivine thermometer

Heinonen, Jussi S.; Jennings, Eleanor S.; Riley, Teal R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3333-5021. 2015 Crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magmas of the Karoo LIP on the basis of Al-in-olivine thermometer. Chemical Geology, 411. 26-35. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.06.015

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Abstract/Summary

Calculating reliable temperatures of Mg-rich magmas is problematic because melt composition and KD(Fe-Mg)ol-liq, the key parameters of many traditional thermometers, are difficult to constrain precisely. The recently developed Al-in-olivine thermometer [Coogan, L.A., Saunders, A.D., Wilson, R.N., 2014. Aluminum-in-olivine thermometry of primitive basalts: Evidence of an anomalously hot mantle source for large igneous provinces. Chemical Geology 368, 1–10] circumvents these problems by relying on the temperature-dependent exchange of Al between olivine and spinel crystallising in equilibrium with each other. This thermometer is used to re-evaluate the crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magma type identified from the Karoo large igneous province (LIP), known as the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite. Previous temperature estimates for the suite were based on olivine-melt equilibria and indicated anomalously high crystallisation temperatures in excess of 1600 °C. We also present crystallisation temperatures for another Antarctic Karoo magma type, Group 3 dykes from Ahlmannryggen, which are derived from a pyroxene-rich mantle source. Our high-precision analysis of Al in olivine-spinel pairs indicate crystallisation temperatures from 1391 ± 42 °C to 1481 ± 35 °C for the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite (Fo88–92) and from 1253 ± 64 °C to 1303 ± 40 °C for the Group 3 dykes (Fo79–82). Although the maximum temperature estimates for the former are over 100 °C lower than the previously presented estimates, they are still ~ 200 °C higher than those calculated for mid-ocean ridge basalts using the same method. Although exact mantle potential temperatures are difficult to estimate, the presented results support elevated sub-Gondwanan upper mantle temperatures (generated by a mantle plume or internal mantle heating) during the generation of the Karoo LIP.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.06.015
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > BAS Programmes 2015 > Geology and Geophysics
ISSN:	0009-3541
Additional Keywords:	Karoo, large igneous province, continental flood basalt, picrate, thermometry
Date made live:	22 Jun 2015 13:41 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/510161

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.06.015

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > BAS Programmes 2015 > Geology and Geophysics

ISSN:

0009-3541

Additional Keywords:

Karoo, large igneous province, continental flood basalt, picrate, thermometry

Date made live:

22 Jun 2015 13:41 +0 (UTC)