Spreading speeds for plant populations in landscapes with low environmental variation

Gilbert, Mark A.; Gaffney, Eamonn A.; Bullock, James M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-4020; White, Steven M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3192-9969. 2014 Spreading speeds for plant populations in landscapes with low environmental variation. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 363. 436-452. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.022

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.022

Abstract/Summary

Characterising the spread of biological populations is crucial in responding to both biological invasions and the shifting of habitat under climate change. Spreading speeds can be studied through mathematical models such as the discrete-time integro-difference equation (IDE) framework. The usual approach in implementing IDE models has been to ignore spatial variation in the demographic and dispersal parameters and to assume that these are spatially homogeneous. On the other hand, real landscapes are rarely spatially uniform with environmental variation being very important in determining biological spread. This raises the question of under what circumstances spatial structure need not be modelled explicitly. Recent work has shown that spatial variation can be ignored for the specific case where the scale of landscape variation is much smaller than the spreading population׳s dispersal scale. We consider more general types of landscape, where the spatial scales of environmental variation are arbitrarily large, but the maximum change in environmental parameters is relatively small. We find that the difference between the wave-speeds of populations spreading in a spatially structured periodic landscape and its homogenisation is, in general, proportional to ϵ2, where ϵ governs the degree of environmental variation. For stochastically generated landscapes we numerically demonstrate that the error decays faster than ϵ. In both cases, this means that for sufficiently small ϵ, the homogeneous approximation is better than might be expected. Hence, in many situations, the precise details of the landscape can be ignored in favour of spatially homogeneous parameters. This means that field ecologists can use the homogeneous IDE as a relatively simple modelling tool – in terms of both measuring parameter values and doing the modelling itself. However, as ϵ increases, this homogeneous approximation loses its accuracy. The change in wave-speed due to the extrinsic (landscape) variation can be positive or negative, which is in contrast to the reduction in wave-speed caused by intrinsic stochasticity. To deal with the loss of accuracy as ϵ increases, we formulate a second-order approximation to the wave-speed for periodic landscapes and compare both approximations against the results of numerical simulation and show that they are both accurate for the range of landscapes considered.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.022
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Pywell
ISSN:	0022-5193
Additional Keywords:	integrodifference equations, species invasion, heterogeneity, conservation, dispersal
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Mathematics
Date made live:	22 Jan 2015 14:51 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/509478

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.08.022

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Pywell

ISSN:

0022-5193

Additional Keywords:

integrodifference equations, species invasion, heterogeneity, conservation, dispersal

NORA Subject Terms:

Ecology and Environment
Mathematics