Assessment of surface winds over the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean in CMIP5 models: historical bias, forcing response, and state dependence

Bracegirdle, Thomas J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-4739; Shuckburgh, Emily ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-3444; Sallee, Jean-Baptiste; Wang, Zhaomin; Meijers, Andrew J.S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-7736; Bruneau, Nicolas; Phillips, Tony ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-9157; Wilcox, Laura J.. 2013 Assessment of surface winds over the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean in CMIP5 models: historical bias, forcing response, and state dependence. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118 (2). 547-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50153

Before downloading, please read NORA policies.

Preview

Text (An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright American Geophysical Union.) jgrd50153.pdf - Published Version Download (5MB) | Preview

Abstract/Summary

An assessment of the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models' simulation of the near-surface westerly wind jet position and strength over the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean is presented. Compared with reanalysis climatologies there is an equatorward bias of 3.3° (inter-model standard deviation of ± 1.9°) in the ensemble mean position of the zonal mean jet. The ensemble mean strength is biased slightly too weak, with the largest biases over the Pacific sector (−1.4 ± 1.2 m/s, −19%). An analysis of atmosphere-only (AMIP) experiments indicates that 28% of the zonal mean position bias comes from coupling of the ocean/ice models to the atmosphere. The response to future emissions scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) is characterized by two phases: (i) the period of most rapid ozone recovery (2000–2049) during which there is insignificant change in summer; and (ii) the period 2050–2098 during which RCP4.5 simulations show no significant change but RCP8.5 simulations show poleward shifts (0.33, 0.18 and 0.27°/decade over the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific sectors, respectively), and increases in strength (0.07, 0.08 and 0.15 m/s/decade, respectively). The models with larger equatorward position biases generally show larger poleward shifts (i.e. state dependence). This inter-model relationship is strongest over the Pacific sector (r = −0.91) and weakest over the Atlantic sector (r = −0.39). An assessment of jet structure shows that over the Atlantic sector jet shift is not clearly linked to indices of jet structure whereas over the Pacific sector the distance between the sub-polar and sub-tropical westerly jets appears to be important.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50153
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Polar Science for Planet Earth (2009 - ) > Climate BAS Programmes > Polar Science for Planet Earth (2009 - ) > Polar Oceans
ISSN:	2169897X
Additional Keywords:	CMIP5, surface westerly jet, Southern Hemisphere, Southern Ocean, high/low top models, AMIP
NORA Subject Terms:	Chemistry
Date made live:	03 Jun 2013 13:15 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502096

Actions (login required)

View Item

Document Downloads

More statistics for this item...