Deformation in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: measuring shear-wave anisotropy from icequakes

Harland, S.R.; Kendall, J.-M.; Stuart, G.W.; Lloyd, G.E.; Baird, A.F.; Smith, A.M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-482X; Pritchard, H.D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-1734; Brisbourne, A.M.. 2013 Deformation in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: measuring shear-wave anisotropy from icequakes. Annals of Glaciology, 54 (64). 105-114. 10.3189/2013AoG64A033

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2013AoG64A033

Abstract/Summary

Ice streams provide major drainage pathways for the Antarctic ice sheet. The stress distribution and style of flow in such ice streams produce elastic and rheological anisotropy, which informs ice-flow modelling as to how ice masses respond to external changes such as global warming. Here we analyse elastic anisotropy in Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, using observations of shearwave splitting from three-component icequake seismograms to characterize ice deformation via crystalpreferred orientation. Over 110 high-quality measurements are made on 41 events recorded at five stations deployed temporarily near the ice-stream grounding line. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented observation of shear-wave splitting from Antarctic icequakes. The magnitude of the splitting ranges from 2 to 80ms and suggests a maximum of 6% shear-wave splitting. The fast shear-wave polarization direction is roughly perpendicular to ice-flow direction. We consider three mechanisms for ice anisotropy: a cluster model (vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) model); a girdle model (horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) model); and crack-induced anisotropy (HTI model). Based on the data, we can rule out a VTI mechanism as the sole cause of anisotropy – an HTI component is needed, which may be due to ice crystal a-axis alignment in the direction of flow or the alignment of cracks or ice films in the plane perpendicular to the flow direction. The results suggest a combination of mechanisms may be at play, which represent vertical variations in the symmetry of ice crystal anisotropy in an ice stream, as predicted by ice fabric models.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.3189/2013AoG64A033
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Polar Science for Planet Earth (2009 - ) > Ice Sheets
ISSN:	02603055
Date made live:	29 May 2013 14:07 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502070

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.3189/2013AoG64A033

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Polar Science for Planet Earth (2009 - ) > Ice Sheets

ISSN:

02603055

Date made live:

29 May 2013 14:07 +0 (UTC)

URI:

https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/502070