Inorganic carbon acquisition by chrysophytes

Twelve species, representing twelve families of the chrysophytes sensu lato, were tested for their ability to take up inorganic carbon. Using the pH-drift technique, CO2 compensation points generally varied between 1 and 20 µmol•L-1 with a mean concentration of 5 µmol•L-1. Neither pH nor alkalinity affected the CO2 compensation point. The concentration of oxygen had a relatively minor effect on CO2 uptake kinetics and the mean CO2 compensation point calculated from the kinetic curves was 3.6 µmol•L-1 at 10-15 kPa starting oxygen partial pressure and 3.8 µmol•L-1 at atmospheric starting oxygen partial pressure (21 kPa). Similarly, uptake kinetics were not affected by alkalinity, and hence concentration of bicarbonate. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) in the presence and absence of acetozolamide suggested that external carbonic anhydrase in Dinobryon sertularia and Synura petersenii was either very low, absent. Rates of net HCO3- uptake were very low (around 5% of oxygen evolution) using MIMS and decreased rather than increased with increasing HCO3- concentration suggesting that it was not a real uptake. The CO2 compensation points determined by MIMS for CO2 uptake and oxygen evolution were similar to those determined in pH-drift and were above 1 µmol•L-1. Overall, the results suggest that chrysophytes as a group lack a carbon concentrating mechanism, or an ability to make use of bicarbonate as an alternative source of inorganic carbon. The possible evolutionary and ecological consequences of this are discussed.