Authigenic carbonates from the Darwin Mud Volcano, Gulf of Cadiz: A record of palaeo-seepage of hydrocarbon bearing fluids

Vanneste, Heleen; Kastner, Miriam; James, Rachael H.; Connelly, Douglas P.; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Kelly-Gerreyn, Boris A.; Heeschen, Katja; Haeckel, Matthias; Mills, Rachel A.. 2012 Authigenic carbonates from the Darwin Mud Volcano, Gulf of Cadiz: A record of palaeo-seepage of hydrocarbon bearing fluids. Chemical Geology, 300-301. 24-39. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.006

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Abstract/Summary

of the oceans, but little is known about the long-term variation in fluid fluxes at MVs. The Darwin MV is one of more than 40 MVs located in the Gulf of Cadiz, but it is unique in that its summit is covered by a thick carbonate crust that has the potential to provide a temporal record of seepage activity. In order to test this idea, we have conducted petrographic, chemical and isotopic analyses of the carbonate crust. In addition a 1-D transport-reaction model was applied to pore fluid data to assess fluid flow and carbonate precipitation at present. The carbonate crusts mainly comprise of aragonite, with a chaotic fabric exhibiting different generations of cementation and brecciation. The crusts consist of bioclasts and lithoclasts (peloids, intraclasts and extraclasts) immersed in a micrite matrix and in a variety of cement types (microsparite, botryoidal, isopachous acicular, radial and splayed fibrous). The carbonates are moderately depleted in 13C (δ13C = − 8.1 to − 27.9‰) as are the pore fluids (δ13C = − 19.1 to − 28.7‰), which suggests that their carbon originated from the oxidation of methane and higher hydrocarbons, like the gases that seep from the MV today. The carbonate δ18O values are as high as 5.1‰, and it is most likely that the crusts formed from 18O-rich fluids derived from dehydration of clay minerals at depth. Pore fluid modelling results indicate that the Darwin MV is currently in a nearly dormant phase (seepage velocities are < 0.09 cm yr− 1). Thus, the thick carbonate crust must have formed during past episodes of high fluid flow, alternating with phases of mud extrusion and uplift.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.006
Programmes:	NOC Programmes
ISSN:	00092541
Additional Keywords:	Authigenic carbonate; Mud volcano; Gulf of Cadiz; Fluid seepage; Methane
Date made live:	21 Jan 2013 17:14 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/447416

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.006

Programmes:

NOC Programmes

ISSN:

00092541

Additional Keywords:

Authigenic carbonate; Mud volcano; Gulf of Cadiz; Fluid seepage; Methane

Date made live:

21 Jan 2013 17:14 +0 (UTC)