Annual variation in diets, feeding locations and foraging behaviour of gannets in the North Sea: flexibility, consistency and constraint

Hamer, K. C.; Humphreys, E. M.; Garthe, S.; Hennicke, J.; Peters, G.; Gremillet, D.; Phillips, R. A.; Harris, M. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-5830; Wanless, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-4606. 2007 Annual variation in diets, feeding locations and foraging behaviour of gannets in the North Sea: flexibility, consistency and constraint. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 338. 295-305. 10.3354/meps338295

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Abstract/Summary

Many seabirds nesting in areas bordering the North Sea have recently experienced large annual variation in breeding success, including reproductive failures in some cases. In contrast, the breeding success of northern gannets Morus bassanus has remained remarkably stable, The present study examines data from the large gannet colony at the Bass Rock (southeast Scotland) across 3 years, to assess the extent to which such stability may reflect both flexibility and consistency in diets and foraging behaviour. Adults exhibited great flexibility both in the species and sizes of prey consumed and in foraging trip durations, ranges and total distances travelled. They also showed a high degree of consistency in bearings of foraging trips and in behaviour at sea; the sinuosity of foraging trips and average speed of travel was very similar each year and birds in all years spent about half their time at sea in flight. Adults returned to the nest at higher speeds from more distant foraging locations up to ca. 300 km from the colony, but speeds decreased for the farthest destinations (ca. 400 km). Moreover, the relationship between trip duration and distances travelled at sea was asymptotic beyond ca. 60 h. These non-linear relationships probably reflected constraints on energy expenditure during flight. As a result, nest attendance was low in years with long average trip durations and chicks were left unattended and vulnerable to attack by conspecifics. These data suggest that while adults have so far been able to maintain high reproductive success in years of low prey availability, they may not be able to do so in future years if providing sufficient food for chicks entails any further increases in trip duration or foraging effort.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.3354/meps338295
Programmes:	CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biodiversity
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Watt
ISSN:	0171-8630
Additional Keywords:	Morus bassanus, wildlife telemetry, geolocation, home range, optimal foraging
NORA Subject Terms:	Zoology Biology and Microbiology Ecology and Environment
Date made live:	24 Jan 2008 14:48 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/2171

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