Antibiotic use during an influenza pandemic: downstream ecological effects and antibiotic resistance

Singer, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-6063; Schmitt, Heike. 2012 Antibiotic use during an influenza pandemic: downstream ecological effects and antibiotic resistance. In: Keen, Patricia L.; Montforts, Mark H.M.M., (eds.) Antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Blackwell, 503-538.

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Abstract/Summary

The years 2009–2010 saw the first pandemic virus in several decades. Only in retrospect has the low pathogenicity of the virus been able to be confirmed. The pandemic saw as many deaths per capita as a seasonal influenza virus, but with the significant difference that the young (<18 years) were atypically impacted over those > 18 years old (Kamigaki and Oshitani, 2009). Pharmaceuticals played an important part of health care during the influenza pandemic. Many nations implemented huge stockpiles of antivirals in response to the pandemic, but owing to the low pathogenicity of the virus, there was a negligible increase in existing antibiotic use over interpandemic usage. However, current estimates for antiviral and antibiotic use during a moderate and severe influenza pandemic are without historical precedent (Singer et al., 2011). Here we discuss the environmental and human health implications of a moderate or severe influenza pandemic with regard to Tamiflu itself and the use of antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections. Antibiotic use will be framed in the context of existing paradigms of antibiotic treatment and how these practices already contribute to human and environmental hazards and how these hazards might be minimized in the event of a moderate or severe influenza pandemic.

Item Type:	Publication - Book Section
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1002/9781118156247.ch26
Programmes:	CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 > Biogeochemistry > BGC Topic 3 - Managing Threats to Environment and Health > BGC - 3.2 - Provide the evidence base for setting Environment Quality Standards ... CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 > Biogeochemistry > BGC Topic 3 - Managing Threats to Environment and Health > BGC - 3.4 - Produce models, maps, databases and inventories to assess compliance ...
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Hails
ISBN:	9780470905425
Additional Keywords:	pandemic influenza, antibiotic, resistance, wastewater, ecotoxicology, pharmaceutical, pollution
NORA Subject Terms:	Biology and Microbiology Ecology and Environment Medicine Health
Date made live:	08 Feb 2012 11:28 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/16637

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