Human and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals: differences, similarities, lessons from toxicology

Dorne, J. L. C. M.; Skinner, L.; Frampton, J. K.; Spurgeon, D. S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Ragas, A. M. J.. 2007 Human and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals: differences, similarities, lessons from toxicology. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 387 (4). 1259-1268. 10.1007/s00216-006-0963-7

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Official URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/56552rx683wr12...

Abstract/Summary

The presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment has caused increasing concern due their effects on ecological receptors. Improving the risk assessment of these compounds necessitates a quantitative understanding of their metabolism and elimination in the target organism (toxicokinetics), particularly via the ubiquitous cytochrome P-450 (CYP) system and their mechanisms of toxicity (toxicodynamics). This review focuses on a number of pharmaceuticals and veterinary medicines of environmental concern, and the differences and similarities between ecological and human risk assessment. CYP metabolism is discussed with particular reference to its ubiquity in species of ecological relevance. The important issue of pharmaceutical mixtures is discussed to assess how emerging technologies such as ecotoxicogenomics may assist in moving towards a more mechanism-based environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1007/s00216-006-0963-7
Programmes:	CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals
UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:	Hails
ISSN:	1618-2642
Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:	The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com
Additional Keywords:	ecological risk assessment, human risk assessment, cytochrome P-450, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, uncertainty factors, ecotoxicogenomics
NORA Subject Terms:	Ecology and Environment Medicine Health
Date made live:	18 Dec 2007 14:07 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/1380

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1007/s00216-006-0963-7

Programmes:

CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Biogeochemistry > SE01B Sustainable Monitoring, Risk Assessment and Management of Chemicals

UKCEH and CEH Sections/Science Areas:

Hails

ISSN:

1618-2642

Additional Information. Not used in RCUK Gateway to Research.:

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com