Molecular species identification of historical whale remains from South Georgia

Lindqvist, Charlotte; Probst, Anja; Martin, Anthony R.; Wiig, Øystein; Bachmann, Lutz. 2009 Molecular species identification of historical whale remains from South Georgia. Marine Mammal Science, 25 (1). 229-238. 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00248.x

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Abstract/Summary

The island of South Georgia is located at the southern extreme of the South Atlantic Ocean, on the edge of the Southern Ocean that surrounds Antarctica. Intensive commercial whaling at South Georgia began in 1904, when the first land-based whaling station was built in Grytviken (54°17′S, 36°30′W). Five other shore stations were eventually built: Ocean Harbour (54°20′S, 36°16′W), Leith Harbour (54°08′S, 36°41′W), Husvik Harbour (54°18′S, 36°71′W), Stromness Harbour (54°90′S, 36°41′W), and Prince Olav Harbour (54°40′S, 36°90′W). Another site, Godthul (54°17′S, 36°17′W), was used as a protected anchorage for floating factories. By 1965, when shore-based whaling activity ceased, over 175,000 whales had been processed on the island (Moore et al. 1999). The once abundant stocks of baleen whales in the Antarctic had at that time been reduced to about a third of their former sizes (Laws 1977). When considering blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), sei (B. borealis), and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales together, the average population size was reduced to ca. 18% (Laws 1977). Humpback and blue whales experienced the most severe bottlenecks, having been reduced to about 3% and 5% of the estimated initial populations, respectively. According to more recent estimates, even 80%–95% of the pristine populations of humpback, blue, and fin whales have been killed (Baker and Clapham 2002). For the blue whales depletion to even less than 1% of the pre-exploitation population size has been reported (Branch et al. 2004, 2007). Currently, knowledge about the recovery from the bottlenecks and current population sizes, structures, and migration patterns are important issues in the conservation of Southern Hemisphere baleen whales. In this context, insight into historical population structures would be of great value.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00248.x
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > DISCOVERY 2010 - Integrating Southern Ocean Ecosystems into the Earth System
ISSN:	0824-0469
NORA Subject Terms:	Marine Sciences Biology and Microbiology Ecology and Environment
Date made live:	08 Nov 2010 09:56 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11134

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00248.x

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > DISCOVERY 2010 - Integrating Southern Ocean Ecosystems into the Earth System

ISSN:

0824-0469

NORA Subject Terms:

Marine Sciences
Biology and Microbiology
Ecology and Environment

Date made live:

08 Nov 2010 09:56 +0 (UTC)