Items where Programme is "BGC - 3.2 - Provide the evidence base for setting Environment Quality Standards ..."
- NERC Programmes (25104)
- CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 (3335)
- Biogeochemistry (1151)
- BGC Topic 3 - Managing Threats to Environment and Health (344)
- BGC - 3.2 - Provide the evidence base for setting Environment Quality Standards ... (50)
- BGC Topic 3 - Managing Threats to Environment and Health (344)
- Biogeochemistry (1151)
- CEH Topics & Objectives 2009 - 2012 (3335)
Publication - Article
Barnett, C.L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Beresford, N.A.; Walker, L.A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-7075; Baxter, M.; Wells, C.; Copplestone, D.. 2014 Transfer parameters for ICRP reference animals and plants collected from a forest ecosystem. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 53 (1). 125-149. 10.1007/s00411-013-0493-6
Stockdale, Anthony; Tipping, Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512; Fjellheim, Arne; Garmo, Øyvind A.; Hildrew, Alan G.; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Monteith, Don T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-1772; Ormerod, Stephen J.; Shilland, Ewan M.. 2014 Recovery of macroinvertebrate species richness in acidified upland waters assessed with a field toxicity model. Ecological Indicators, 37 B. 341-350. 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.11.002
Brown, J.E.; Beresford, N.A.; Hosseini, A.. 2013 Approaches to providing missing transfer parameter values in the ERICA Tool: how well do they work? Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 126. 399-411. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.05.005
Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524. 2013 A new IAEA handbook quantifying the transfer of radionuclides to wildlife for assessment tools (editorial). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 126. 284-287. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.11.002
Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Wells, C.; Beresford, N.A.; Copplestone, D.. 2013 Exploring methods to prioritise concentration ratios when estimating weighted absorbed dose rates to terrestrial Reference Animals and Plants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 126. 326-337. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.05.005
Wood, M.D.; Beresford, N.A.; Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Copplestone, D.. 2013 Evaluating summarised radionuclide concentration ratio datasets for wildlife. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 126. 314-325. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.07.022
Waalewijn-Kool, Pauline L.; Diez Ortiz, Maria; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; van Gestel, Cornelis A.M.. 2013 The effect of pH on the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to Folsomia candida in amended field soil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 32 (10). 2349-2355. 10.1002/etc.2302
van Aerle, Ronny; Lange, Anke; Moorhouse, Alex; Paszkiewicz, Konrad; Ball, Katie; Johnston, Blair D.; de-Bastos, Eliane; Booth, Timothy; Tyler, Charles R.; Santos, Eduarda M.. 2013 Molecular mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. Environmental Science & Technology, 47 (14). 8005-8014. 10.1021/es401758d
Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Criel, Peggy; Janssen, Colin R.; Lock, Koen; McGrath, Steve P.; Oorts, Koen; Rooney, Corinne P.; Smolders, Erik; Spurgeon, David J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; van Eeckhout, Hilda; Zhao, Fang-Zie. 2013 Modelling the effects of copper on soil organisms and processes using the free ion approach: towards a multi-species toxicity model. Environmental Pollution, 178. 244-253. 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.015
Anderson, Paul D.; Johnson, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1570-3764; Pfeiffer, Danielle; Caldwell, Daniel J.; Hannah, Robert; Mastrocco, Frank; Sumpter, John P.; Williams, Richard J.. 2012 Endocrine disruption due to estrogens derived from humans predicted to be low in the majority of U.S. surface waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31 (6). 1407-1415. 10.1002/etc.1824
Artigas, Joan; Arts, Gertie; Babut, Marc; Caracciolo, Anna Barra; Charles, Sandrine; Chaumot, Arnaud; Combourieu, Bruno; Dahllöf, Ingela; Despréaux, Denis; Ferrari, Benoit; Friberg, Nikolai; Garric, Jeanne; Geffard, Olivier; Gourlay-Francé, Catherine; Hein, Michaela; Hjorth, Morten; Krauss, Martin; De Lange, Hendrika J.; Lahr, Joost; Lehtonen, Kari K.; Lettieri, Teresa; Liess, Matthias; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Mayer, Philipp; Morin, Soizic; Paschke, Albrecht; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe; van den Brink, Nico; Vindimian, Eric; Williams, Richard. 2012 Towards a renewed research agenda in ecotoxicology. Environmental Pollution, 160. 201-206. 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.08.011
Blanco-Penedo, I.; López-Alonso, M.; Shore, R.F.; Miranda, M.; Castillo, C.; Hernández, J.; Benedito, J.L.. 2012 Evaluation of organic, conventional and intensive beef farm systems: health, management and animal production. Animal, 6 (9). 1503-1511. 10.1017/S1751731112000298
Llabjani, Valon; Trevisan, Júlio; Jones, Kevin C.; Shore, Richard F.; Martin, Francis L.. 2011 Derivation by infrared spectroscopy with multivariate analysis of bimodal contaminant-induced dose-response effects in MCF-7 cells. Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (14). 6129-6135. 10.1021/es200383a
Nedveckaite, T.; Filistovic, V.; Marciulioniene, D.; Prokoptchuk, N.; Plukiene, R.; Gudelis, A.; Remeikis, V.; Yankovich, T.; Beresford, N.A.. 2011 Background and anthropogenic radionuclide derived dose rates to freshwater ecosystem - Nuclear power plant cooling pond - Reference organisms. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 102 (8). 788-795. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.04.012
Peters, Adam; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Merrington, Graham; Brown, Bruce; Stubblefield, William; Harlow, Keven. 2011 Development of biotic ligand models for chronic manganese toxicity to fish, invertebrates, and algae. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 30 (11). 2407-2415. 10.1002/etc.643
Ren, Liling; Reynolds, Tom G.; Clarke, John-Paul B.; Hooper, David A.; Parton, Graham A.; Dore, Anthony J.. 2011 Meteorological influences on the design of advanced aircraft approach procedures for reduced environmental impacts. Meteorological Applications, 18 (1). 40-59. 10.1002/met.206
Vives i Batlle, J.; Beaugelin-Seiller, K.; Beresford, N.A.; Copplestone, D.; Hoyrna, J.; Hosseini, A.; Johansen, M.; Kamboj, S; Keum, D.-K.; Kurosawa, N.; Newsome, L.; Olyslaegers, G.; Vandenhove, H.; Ryufuku, S.; Vives Lynch, S.; Wood, M.D.; Yu, C.. 2011 The estimation of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota: an extended intercomparison. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 50 (2). 231-251. 10.1007/s00411-010-0346-5
Price, Oliver R.; Williams, Richard J.; van Egmond, Roger; Wilkinson, Mark J.; Whelan, Michael J.. 2010 Predicting accurate and ecologically relevant regional scale concentrations of triclosan in rivers for use in higher-tier aquatic risk assessments. Environment International, 36 (6). 521-526. 10.1016/j.envint.2010.04.003
Hosseini, A.; Beresford, N.A.; Brown, J.E.; Jones, D.G.; Phaneuf, M.; Thørring, H.; Yankovich, T.. 2010 Background dose-rates to reference animals and plants arising from exposure to naturally occurring radionuclides in aquatic environments. Journal of Radiological Protection, 30 (2). 235-264. 10.1088/0952-4746/30/2/S03
Blanco-Penedo, I.; López-Alonso, M.; Miranda, M.; Hernández, J.; Prieto, F.; Shore, R.F.. 2010 Non-essential and essential trace element concentrations in meat in cattle reared under organic, intensive or conventional production systems. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A, 27 (1). 36-42. 10.1080/02652030903161598
Dragovic, Snezana; Howard, Brenda J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Caborn, Jane A.; Barnett, Catherine L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Mihailovic, Nevena. 2010 Transfer of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides to ants, bryophytes and lichen in a semi-natural ecosystem. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 166. 677-686. 10.1007/s10661-009-1032-4
Garnier-Laplace, J.; Della-Vedova, C.; Andersson, P.; Copplestone, D.; Cailes, C.; Beresford, N.A.; Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Howe, P.; Whitehouse, P.. 2010 A multi-criteria weight of evidence approach for deriving ecological benchmarks for radioactive substances. Journal of Radiological Protection, 30. 215-233. 10.1088/0952-4746/30/2/S02
Loureiro, Susana; Svendsen, Claus ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; Ferreira, Abel L.G.; Pinheiro, Clara; Ribeiro, Fabianne; Soares, Amadeu M.V.M.. 2010 Toxicity of three binary mixtures to Daphnia magna: comparing chemical modes of action and deviations from conceptual models. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 29. 1716-1726. 10.1002/etc.198
Robinson, David A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4867; Lebron, Inma ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-9717; Querejeta, Josė Ignacio. 2010 Determining Soil-Tree-Grass Relationships in a California Oak Savanna Using Eco-Geophysics. Vadose Zone Journal, 9. 528-536. 10.2136/vzj2008.0141
Stockdale, Anthony; Tipping, Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Ormerod, Stephen J.; Clements, William H.; Blust, Ronny. 2010 Toxicity of proton-metal mixtures in the field: linking stream macroinvertebrate species diversity to chemical speciation and bioavailability. Aquatic Toxicology, 100 (1). 112-119. 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.07.018
Tipping, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512; Lofts, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Hooper, H.; Frey, B.; Spurgeon, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X. 2010 Critical Limits for Hg(II) in soils, derived from chronic toxicity data. Environmental Pollution, 158. 2465-2471. 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.027
Andersson, Pal; Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline; Beresford, Nicholas A.; Copplestone, David; Howard, Brenda J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Oughton, Deborah; Whitehouse, Paul; Howe, Paul. 2009 Protection of the environment from ionising radiation in a regulatory context (protect): proposed numerical benchmark values. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100 (12). 1100-1108. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.05.010
Wood, Michael D.; Beresford, Nicholas A.; Barnett, Catherine L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Copplestone, David; Leah, Richard T.. 2009 Assessing radiation impact at a protected coastal sand dune site: An intercomparison of models for estimating the radiological exposure of non-human biota. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100 (12). 1034-1052. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.04.010
Blanco-Penedo, I.; Shore, R.F.; Miranda, M.; Benedito, J.L.; Lopez-Alonso, M.. 2009 Factors affecting trace element status in calves in NW Spain. Livestock Science, 123 (2-3). 198-208. 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.11.011
Jones, D.G.; Appleton, J.D.; Breward, N.; MacKenzie, A.C.; Scheib, C.; Beresford, N.A; Barnett, C.L ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Wood, M.D.; Copplestone, D.. 2009 Assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides around England and Wales: application of the G-BASE dataset to estimate doses to non-human species. Radioprotection, 44 (5). 629-634. 10.1051/radiopro/20095116
Gidman, Eleanor A.; Jones, M. Laurence M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-9006; Bussell, James A.; Malham, Shelagh K.; Reynolds, Brian; Seed, Ray; Causton, David R.; Johnson, Helen E.; Gwynn-Jones, Dylan. 2007 A methodology for screening haemolymph of intertidal mussels, Mytilus edulis, using FT-IR Spectroscopy as a tool for environmental assessment. Metabolomics, 3 (4). 465-473. 10.1007/s11306-007-0060-8
Publication - Book
Barnett, C.L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Belli, M.; Beresford, N.A.; Bossew, P.; Boyer, P.; Brittain, J.E.; Calmon, P.; Carini, F.; Choi, Y.H.; Ciffroy, P.; Colle, C.; Conney, S.; Davis, P.; Durrieu, G.; Ehlken, S.; Fesenko, S.; Galeriu, D.C.; Garcia-Sanchez, L.; Garnier, J.-M.; Gerzabek, M.H.; Gil-García, C.J.; Golikov, V.; Gondin da Fonseca, A.; Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Hubmer, A.; Jourdain, F.; Juri Ayub, J.; Kashparov, V.; Kirchner, G.; Krasnov, V.; Leclerc, E.; Lettner, H.; Madoz-Escande, C.; Martin, P.; Melintescu, A.; Monte, L.; Olyslaegers, G.; Orlov, O.; Palsson, S.E.; Periañez, R.; Peterson, S.R.; Pröhl, G.; Rantavaara, A.; Ravi, P.M.; Reed, E.; Rigol, A.; Sansone, U.; Sanzharova, N.; Saxén, R.; Shang, Z.R.; Show, G.; Shubina, O.; Siclet, F.; Skuterud, L.; Smith, J.T.; Strebl, F.; Tagami, K.; Tamponnet, C.; Thiry, Y.; Thorne, M.; Uchida, S.; Vandenhove, H.; Varga, B.; Velasco, H.; Vidal, M.; Voight, G.; Yankovich, T.; Zibold, G.; Zeiller, L.. 2009 Quantification of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments for Radiological Assessments. IAEA-TECDOC-1616. Vienna, Austria, IAEA, 616pp. (IAEA Technical Document, No.1616).
Publication - Book Section
Singer, Andrew C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-6063; Schmitt, Heike. 2012 Antibiotic use during an influenza pandemic: downstream ecological effects and antibiotic resistance. In: Keen, Patricia L.; Montforts, Mark H.M.M., (eds.) Antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Blackwell, 503-538.
McLaughlin, Mike J.; Lofts, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Warne, Michael St.J.; Amorim, Monica J.B.; Fairbrother, Anne; Lanno, Roman; Hendershot, William; Schlekat, Chris E.; Ma, Yibing; Paton, Graeme I.. 2010 Derivation of Ecologically Based Soil Standards for Trace Elements. In: Merrington, Graham; Schoeters, Ilse, (eds.) Soil Quality Standards for Trace Elements: Derivation, Implementation and Interpretation. Pensacola, Florida, USA, CRC Press, 7-80.
Publication - Conference Item
Beresford, N.A.; Vives i Batlle, J.; Wood, M.D.; Willey, N.; Yankovich, T.L.. 2013 Making the most of what we've got: developing radioecological extrapolation approaches. [Lecture] In: 32nd Open Meeting of COGER, Loughborough, 3-5 April 2013. (Unpublished)
Bertsch, P.M.; McGrath, S.; Unrine, J.M.; Tsyusko, O.V.; Kabengi, N.J.; McNear, D.M.; Lowry, G.V.; Casman, E.; Wiesner, M.; Liu, J.; Neal, A.; Jefferson, B.; Dorey, B.; Ritz, K.; Harris, J.; Rocks, S.; Lofts, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Spurgeon, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X; Zhang, H.. 2012 TĪNĒ: the fate, behavior, and ecotoxicology of manufactured nanomaterials in terrestrial ecosystems. [Lecture] In: SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California, 11-15 Nov 2012. (Unpublished)
Lofts, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Heggelund, L.; Lahive, E.; Spurgeon, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-8760; Svendsen, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7281-647X. 2012 Effects of soil chemistry of zinc and zinc oxide NP toxicity to the earthworm E. fetida. [Lecture] In: SETAC North America 33rd Annual Meeting, Long Beach, California, 11-15 Nov 2012. (Unpublished)
Wood, M.D.; Beresford, N.A.; Yankovich, T.L.; Semenov, D.V; Copplestone, D.. 2011 Addressing current knowledge gaps on radionuclide transfer to reptiles. [Speech] In: Radioecology & Environmetal Radioactivity - Environment & Nuclear Renaissance, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 19-24 June 2011. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, McMaster University.
Beresford, N.A.; Barnett, C.L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Walker, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-7075; Copplestone, D.; Wells, C.; Newsome, L.. 2011 Establishing a dataset for a ‘reference site’. [Lecture] In: Radioecology & Environmental Radioactivity - Environment & Nuclear Renaissance, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 19-24 June 2011. Hamilton, Ontario, McMaster University.
Steinle, S.; Reis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2428-8320; Sabel, C.E.. 2011 Assessment of personal exposure to air pollutants in Scotland – an integrated approach using personal monitoring data. In: MODSIM2011, 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Perth, Western Australia, 11-16 Dec 2011. Canberra, Australia, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 1831-1837.
Wood, M.D.; Beresford, N.A.; Barnett, C.L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Copplestone, D.. 2011 Radioecology of temperate coastal sand dunes: A synthesis. [Lecture] In: Radioecology & Environmental Radioactivity - Environment & Nuclear Renaissance, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 19 - 24 June 2011. Hamilton, Ontario, McMaster University.
Publication - Report
Howard, Brenda ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Beresford, Nicholas. 2014 Assessment of radiological effects on non-human biota: main review phase. Sweden, Sweden Radiation Safety Authority, 33pp. (Report no. 2014:17, Technical Note 51, CEH Project no. C04980)
Hinton, T.G.; Garnier-Leplace, J.; Vandenhove, H.; Dowdall, M.; Adam Guillermin, C.; Alonzo, F.; Barnett, C.L ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-7247; Beaugelin-Seiller, K.; Beresford, N.A.; Bradshaw, C.; Brown, J.; Eyrolle, F.; Fevrier, L; Gariel, J.-C.; Gilbin, R.; Horemans, N.; Howard, B.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9698-9524; Ikäheimonen, T.; Liland, A.; Mora, J.C.; Oughton, D.; Real, A.; Salbu, B.; Simon-Cornu, M.; Steiner, M.; Sweeck, L.; Vives i Battle, J.. 2013 Strategic research agenda for radioecology: a second version with stakeholder input. European Commission, 43pp. (CEH Project no. C04341)
Hinton, Thomas; Février, Laureline. 2011 STAR (Contract Number: Fission-2010-3.5.1-269672) DELIVERABLE (D-N°1.1) Performance Report. Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleare (IRSN), 35pp.
Beresford, N.A.; Copplestone, D.; Brown, J.E.. 2011 Wildlife transfer database: user guidance. NERC/Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, 23pp.
Lebron, Inma ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-9717; Keith, Aidan M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-1320; Hughes, Steven; Reynolds, Brian; Robinson, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4867; Cooper, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918; Emmett, Bridget A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-4389. 2011 Evaluation of the occurrence of soils with pH higher than 8.4 observed within the Countryside Survey. Project SP1304 Final Report. NERC/Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 30pp. (Unpublished)
Robinson, David A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-4867; Cooper, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7918; Emmett, Bridget A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-4389; Evans, Chris D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-354X; Keith, Aidan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-1320; Lebron, Inma ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-9717; Lofts, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Norton, Lisa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1622-0281; Reynolds, Brian; Tipping, Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-6512; Rawlins, Barry G.; Tye, Andrew M.; Watts, Chris W.; Whalley, W. Richard; Black, Helaina I.J.; Warren, Geoff P.; Robinson, Stephen; Michaelides, Katerina; Hockley, Neal J.. 2011 Defra Soil Protection Research in the Context of the Soil Natural Capital / Ecosystem Services Framework. DEFRA.
Monteiro, Sara C.; Lofts, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X; Boxall, Alistair B.A.. 2010 Pre-Assessment of Environmental Impact of Zinc and Copper Used in Animal Nutrition. Parma, Italy, European Food Safety Authority, 325pp. (CEH Project Number: C03670)
Lofts, S ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-851X. 2009 Speciation of pyrithione in freshwaters. NERC/Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 16pp. (CEH Project Number: C03634) (Unpublished)
Publication - Thesis
Sdepanian, Stephanie. 2011 Modelling the effects of toxic metal mixtures on the reproduction of Eisenia veneta in different types of soil. Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, PhD Thesis, 201pp.