Atmospheric trends and radiative forcings of CF4 and C2F6 inferred from firn air

Worton, David R.; Sturges, William T.; Gohar, Laila K.; Shine, Keith P.; Martinerie, Patricia; Oram, David E.; Humphrey, Stephen P.; Begley, Paul; Gunn, Lara; Barnola, Jean-Marc; Schwander, Jakob; Mulvaney, Robert ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-8148. 2007 Atmospheric trends and radiative forcings of CF4 and C2F6 inferred from firn air. Environmental Science & Technology, 41 (7). 2184-2189. 10.1021/es061710t

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Official URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es061710t

Abstract/Summary

The atmospheric histories of two potent greenhouse gases, tetrafluoromethane (CF4) and hexafluoroethane (C2F6), have been reconstructed for the 20th century based on firn air measurements from both hemispheres. The reconstructed atmospheric trends show that the mixing ratios of both CF4 and C2F6 have increased during the 20th century by factors of similar to 2 and similar to 10, respectively. Initially, the increasing mixing ratios coincided with the rise in primary aluminum production. However, a slower atmospheric growth rate for CF4 appears to be evident during the 1990s, which supports recent aluminum industry reports of reduced CF4 emissions. This work illustrates the changing relationship between CF4 and C2F6 that is likely to be largely the result of both reduced emissions from the aluminum industry and faster growing emissions of C2F6 from the semiconductor industry. Measurements of C2F6 in the older firn air indicate a natural background mixing ratio of < 0.3 parts per trillion (ppt), demonstrating that natural sources of this gas are negligible. However, CF4 was deduced to have a preindustrial mixing ratio of 34 +/- 1 ppt (similar to 50% of contemporary levels). This is in good agreement with the previous work of Harnisch et al. (18) and provides independent confirmation of their results. As a result of the large global warming potentials of CF4 and C2F6, these results have important implications for radiative forcing calculations. The radiative forcings of CF4 and C2F6 are shown to have increased over the past 50 years to values in 2001 of 4.1 x 10(-3) Wm(-2) and 7.5 x 10(-4) Wm(-2), respectively, relative to preindustrial concentra tions. These forcings are small compared to present day forcings due to the major greenhouse gases but, if the current trends continue, they will continue to increase since both gases have essentially infinite lifetimes. There is, therefore, a large incentive to reduce perfluorocarbon emissions such that, through the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, the atmospheric growth rates may decline in the future.

Item Type:	Publication - Article
Digital Object Identifier (DOI):	10.1021/es061710t
Programmes:	BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > Climate and Chemistry - Forcings and Phasings in the Earth System
ISSN:	0013-936X
NORA Subject Terms:	Meteorology and Climatology Atmospheric Sciences Chemistry
Date made live:	27 Oct 2011 08:37 +0 (UTC)
URI:	https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/11992

Item Type:

Publication - Article

Digital Object Identifier (DOI):

10.1021/es061710t

Programmes:

BAS Programmes > Global Science in the Antarctic Context (2005-2009) > Climate and Chemistry - Forcings and Phasings in the Earth System

ISSN:

0013-936X

NORA Subject Terms:

Meteorology and Climatology
Atmospheric Sciences
Chemistry

Date made live:

27 Oct 2011 08:37 +0 (UTC)