The identification and testing of a method for mercury-free gold processing for artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Ghana

A study of the ASM sector of Ghana established the practices and
attitudes of gold miners and proposed an alternative to mercury amalgamation.
The study showed that miners were aware of health hazards associated with
mercury but continued to use it because they knew of no credible alternative.
It was realised that any process to replace amalgamation must be very efficient
to capture gold around 50–100 μm. To be acceptable to the miners the method
must be: easy, quick, cheap, transparent and suitable for processing small
batches of concentrate. Direct smelting was selected as the technique of choice.