Lessons learned from European land subsidence

Land subsidence is a global threat. In Europe, it impacts tens of millions of people by increasing flood risk and damage to the built environment. Land subsidence is the result of a combination of natural and human-induced subsurface processes, and there is considerable potential to mitigate the human-induced drivers through policy and legislation. We show how Europe is approaching the issues of measuring and addressing subsidence at a continental scale. We look ahead to the challenges of climate change and the energy transition in the context of amplifying the impacts of land subsidence, providing lessons learned from the European approach.