Global Multi-Index Drought (GMID): a multiscalar high-resolution dataset from 1980 to near present

Drought assessment is an extremely complex task that relies on high-quality datasets, posing a major challenge for scientists and water managers. Here, we present the Global Multi-Index Drought (GMID), a multiscalar high-resolution dataset that includes five standardised drought indices: the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), the Evaporative Drought Demand Index (EDDI), the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Standardised Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI), and the Standardised Vapor Pressure Deficit Index (SVPDI). This dataset is available globally at multiple time scales (1- to 12-, 18-, 24-, 48-month) for the period 1980–2024, with high spatial (0.1°) and temporal (weekly and monthly) resolution. The GMID dataset contains two versions of the drought indices; one generated using a traditional single-distribution approach, and another using a new flexible-distribution approach allowing the selection of probability distributions providing the best-fitting normalised series in each case. GMID adds significant value to previous drought data products through its high resolution and flexible multi-index nature, representing a comprehensive and robust long-term dataset for drought (and flash drought) assessment at the global scale.