Hoffmann, Linn J. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0242-4686; Bach, Lennart T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-3671; Bauer, Kohen W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-2434; Cross, Jessica ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-9905; Ghosh, Anwesha ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-9832; Hernández-Ayón, Jose Martín ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-6225; Kvale, Karin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8043-5431; Lencina-Avila, Jannine M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-2760; Matovu, Baker ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-5705; Shaltout, Nayrah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-3642; Somorin, Ifeoluwa Abolade; Mafuwane, Hluphi Constance ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3664-0709; Van Dam, Bryce ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-1392; Allela, Abbie Akinyi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-5748; Adell, Magak ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1897-3779; Anderson, Harris ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7023-0344; Arora, Parth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9165-1201; Atamanchuk, Dariia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-502X; Avrutin, Sandy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-2712; Baker, Chelsey A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0840-2333; Bednaršek, Nina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-6626; Bell, Thomas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-7048; Bernardello, Raffaele ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-1582; Boxhammer, Tim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-5947; Burfat, Mukhtiar Ali; Cassar, Nicolas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-3783; Chadsey, Meg ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1907-4224; Chase, Zanna ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-779X; Cotovicz, Luiz C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3914-8155; Croot, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-0601; Carvalho, Andréa da Consolação de O. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-9498; N’Yeurt, Antoine De Ramon ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9337-150X; Dias-Wanigasekera, Beatrice Manel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7022-2889; Dillon, Wayne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-0776; Ellwood, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4288-8530; Fennel, Katja ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-2331; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4533-4114; Grabb, Kalina ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-7191; Halloran, Paul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-0678; Howard, Will ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-9994; Jaraula, Caroline Marie B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-1900; Jupesta, Joni ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-2798; Karspeck, Alicia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9902-869X; Keller, Elizabeth D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-9215; Kitidis, Vassilis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-3802; Law, Cliff S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7669-2475; Liu, Jihua; Long, Jacki ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-0009; López-Abbate, M. Celeste ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-5833; Meléndez, Melissa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3336-8226; Mengis, Nadine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0312-7069; Mills, Rebecca; Möller, Klas Ove ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-2161; Munna, Abubakari H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8858-0457; Müller, Jens Daniel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-0883; Osma, Natalia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-8739; Palter, Jaime ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-8062; Park, Keyhong ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2735-2214; Pearce, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-2341; Quintana, Cintia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3022-6145; Rackley, Steve ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-5376; Rafter, Patrick ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-7593; Rengiil, Geraldine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5090-7424; de Oliveira, Raquel Renó ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-8154; Ringham, Mallory ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-0185; Rohr, Tyler ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6599-8068; Sabine, Christopher ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-8552; Shadwick, Elizabeth ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-3333; Simancas-Giraldo, Susana M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7845-9386; Singh, Arvind ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-891X; Subhas, Adam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-6624; Sutton, Adrienne ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-7035; Swaleh, Mariam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-4064; Tamsitt, Veronica ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-2239; Trucco-Pignata, Pablo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-4600; Wallace, Doug ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7832-3887; Wang, Yuntao ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-5948; Ward, Brian ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-5778; Xie, Yinghuan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-1920; Zitoun, Rebecca ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-7701.
2026
Monitoring, reporting, and verification of marine carbon dioxide removal: Exploring scientific consensus and divergences across continents.
Elem Sci Anth, 14 (1).
10.1525/elementa.2025.00113
Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal (mCDR) approaches are increasingly considered for climate change mitigation as a supplement to rapid emissions reduction. However, it is still unclear if mCDR approaches could be effective, safe, and accountable. A critical requirement for mCDR to work, potentially, is robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas(es) removed through mCDR activities. MRV frameworks and protocols are currently developed in a scattered manner by individual stakeholders, so that the principles they are built upon may or may not appeal to the broader international community that is interested in the ocean commons. International agreement and consolidation on MRV for mCDR seem crucial to legitimize and validate mCDR, considering that the ocean is a globally interconnected fluid and that activities by some may affect many others. Here, we undertake a step toward consolidation of MRV by consulting the international scientific community. We established a global network of scientists organized into 6 “continental” nodes, each of which addressed the same set of MRV-related questions and whose thoughts were equally weighted in the synthesis. Our consultation shows that while there are many converging views on MRV (e.g., the importance of modeling for MRV), there are also differences in the regional MRV priorities (e.g., the importance of regional vs global models). The areas of consensus and divergence identified herein may be instrumental in the design of more widely accepted MRV frameworks, informed equally by scientists from 6 continents.
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
Download (787kB) | Preview
NOC Research Groups 2025 > Global Climate
Research Groups > Marine Biogeochemistry
NOC Research Groups 2025 > Marine Biogeochemistry
NOC Mission Networks > Climate
Research Groups > Ocean Technology and Engineering
NOC Research Groups 2025 > Ocean Technology and Engineering
Downloads per month over past year
Altmetric Badge
Dimensions Badge
 |