ntarctica InSync Scientific Theme 5. Anthropogenic signatures in Antarctica: The race against pollution and other pressures [White paper]

Theme 5 examines the impacts of human activities in Antarctica, including exploring human impacts such as scientific operations, tourism, shipping, local and global pollution, and krill fisheries. interact with climate change to inform environmental policy within and beyond the Antarctic Treaty System. Local pressures generate chemical and plastic pollution, black carbon, underwater noise, wildlife disturbance, invasive species, and antimicrobial resistance, affecting ecosystem resilience. The theme seeks to quantify and monitor anthropogenic pressures through standardized, internationally coordinated protocols spanning chemical, biological, ecological, and cultural dimensions during InSync. Key topics include pollutants and plastics, underwater soundscapes, tourism impacts, fishery ecosystem effects and management, environmental DNA and antimicrobial resistance, marine pollution impacts and climate feedback, and the cultural legacies of historic expeditions. Approaches combine harmonized sampling, long-term monitoring, remote sensing, in situ observations, and modelling to identify hotspots and cumulative impacts. By integrating open-access data across disciplines, Theme 5 advances predictive risk assessment, science-based mitigation, and conservation strategies to detect anthropogenic signatures and strengthen the protection of Antarctic ecosystems.