Felipe-Lucia, María R.; Guerrero, Angela M.; Alexander, Steven M.; Ashander, Jaime; Baggio, Jacopo A.; Barnes, Michele L.; Bodin, Örjan; Bonn, Aletta; Fortin, Marie-Josée; Friedman, Rachel S.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Helmstedt, Kate J.; Keyes, Aislyn A.; Kroetz, Kailin; Massol, François; Pocock, Michael J.O. 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-0445; Sayles, Jesse; Thompson, Ross M.; Wood, Spencer A.; Dee, Laura E..
2022
Conceptualizing ecosystem services using social–ecological networks.
Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 37 (3).
211-222.
10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.012
Social–ecological networks (SENs) represent the complex relationships between
ecological and social systems and are a useful tool for analyzing and managing
ecosystem services. However,mainstreaming the application of SENs in ecosystem
service research has been hindered by a lack of clarity about how tomatch research
questions to ecosystem service conceptualizations in SEN (i.e., as nodes, links,
attributes, or emergent properties). Building from different disciplines, we propose
a typology to represent ecosystem service in SENs and identify opportunities and
challenges of using SENs in ecosystem service research. Our typology provides
guidance for this growing field to improve research design and increase the breadth
of questions that can be addressed with SEN to understand human–nature interdependencies
in a changing world.
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